Map of study area showing gillnet prohibited area (hatched area) in Kailua Bay and open area in Waimanalo Bay (A) on the island of O‘ahu in Hawai‘i (B).

<p>Red circles show sampling locations, and depth contours are colored from light (shallow) to dark (deep).</p

Commercial landings of bonefishes from 1900, and 1965–2011 for the island of O‘ahu.

<p>Vertical line represents gillnet ban in Kailua in 2007. Data from 1903 from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0155221#pone.0155221.ref055" target="_blank">55</a>], and otherwise from Hawai‘i Division of Aquatic Resources.</p

Trend component of decomposed time series of catch per unit effort (CPUE) at two locations, Kailua (blue) and Waimānalo (black), for (A) all species combined, (B) jacks, (C) bonefishes, (D) flagtails, and (E) Pacific threadfin.

<p>Vertical line represents gillnet ban in Kailua in 2007</p

Results of general linear mixed models of catch per unit effort (CPUE) for (A) jacks, (B) bonefishes, (C) flagtails, and (D) Pacific threadfin following a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design to measure differences in juvenile fish populations between a protected area (Kailua) and an unprotected area (Waimānalo), before and after a gillnet closure in Hawai‘i (error bars ± 1 SE).

<p>Results of general linear mixed models of catch per unit effort (CPUE) for (A) jacks, (B) bonefishes, (C) flagtails, and (D) Pacific threadfin following a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design to measure differences in juvenile fish populations between a protected area (Kailua) and an unprotected area (Waimānalo), before and after a gillnet closure in Hawai‘i (error bars ± 1 SE).</p

Length frequency distribution for (A) jacks, (B) bonefishes, (C) flagtails, and (D) Pacific threadfin between a protected area (Kailua—light grey) and an unprotected area (Waimānalo—dark grey).

<p>Vertical arrows correspond to mean length at each site.</p

Results of general linear mixed models of catch per unit effort (CPUE) for all species combined and for individual species following a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design to measure differences in juvenile fish populations between a protected and an unprotected area, before and after a gillnet closure in Hawai‘i.

<p>Results of general linear mixed models of catch per unit effort (CPUE) for all species combined and for individual species following a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design to measure differences in juvenile fish populations between a protected and an unprotected area, before and after a gillnet closure in Hawai‘i.</p