HIP 67506 C: MagAO-X Confirmation of a New Low-Mass Stellar Companion to HIP 67506 A

We report the confirmation of HIP 67506 C, a new stellar companion to HIP 67506 A. We previously reported a candidate signal at 2$\lambda$/D (240~mas) in L$^{\prime}$ in MagAO/Clio imaging using the binary differential imaging technique. Several additional indirect signals showed that the candidate signal merited follow-up: significant astrometric acceleration in Gaia DR3, Hipparcos-Gaia proper motion anomaly, and overluminosity compared to single main sequence stars. We confirmed the companion, HIP 67506 C, at 0.1" with MagAO-X in April, 2022. We characterized HIP 67506 C MagAO-X photometry and astrometry, and estimated spectral type K7-M2; we also re-evaluated HIP 67506 A in light of the close companion. Additionally we show that a previously identified 9" companion, HIP 67506 B, is a much further distant unassociated background star. We also discuss the utility of indirect signposts in identifying small inner working angle candidate companions.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, accepted to MNRA

Data-driven subspace predictive control: Lab demonstration and future outlook

MagAO-X system is a new adaptive optics for the Magellan Clay 6.5m telescope. MagAO-X has been designed to provide extreme adaptive optics (ExAO) performance in the visible. VIS-X is an integral-field spectrograph specifically designed for MagAO-X, and it will cover the optical spectral range (450-900 nm) at high-spectral (R=15.000) and high-spatial resolution (7 mas spaxels) over a 0.525 arsecond field of view. VIS-X will be used to observe accreting protoplanets such as PDS70 b c. End-To-end simulations show that the combination of MagAO-X with VIS-X is 100 times more sensitive to accreting protoplanets than any other instrument to date. VIS-X can resolve the planetary accretion lines, and therefore constrain the accretion process. The instrument is scheduled to have its first light in Fall 2021. We will show the lab measurements to characterize the spectrograph and its post-processing performance. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.Immediate accessThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

The Giant Magellan Telescope high contrast phasing testbed

The Giant Magellan Telescope design consists of seven circular 8.4 m diameter mirrors, together forming a single 24.5 m diameter primary mirror. This large aperture and collecting area can help extreme adaptive optics systems such as GMagAOX achieve the small angular resolutions and contrasts required to image habitable zone earth-like planets around late type stars and possibly lead to the discovery of life outside of our solar system. However, the GMT mirror segments are separated by large ⪆ 30 cm gaps, creating the possibility of fluctuations in optical path differences (piston) due to flexure, wind loading, temperature effects, and atmospheric seeing. In order to utilize the full diffraction-limited aperture of the GMT for high-contrast imaging, the seven mirror segments must be co-phased to well within a fraction of a wavelength. The current design of the GMT involves seven adaptive secondary mirrors, a dispersed fringe sensor (part of the AGWS), and a pyramid wavefront sensor (NGWS) to measure and correct the total path length between segment pairs, but these methods have yet to be tested “end-to-end” in a lab environment. We present the design and prototype of a “GMT High-Contrast Phasing Testbed” which leverages the existing MagAO-X ExAO instrument to demonstrate fine phase sensing and simultaneous AO-control for high-contrast GMT natural guide star science. The testbed will simulate the GMT primary and secondary mirror phasing system. It will also simulate the future GMT ExAO instrument’s (GMagAO-X) “parallel DM” tweeter concept of splitting up the GMT pupil onto several commercial DMs using a reflective hexagonal pyramid. A dispersed fringe sensor will also be implemented into the testbed for coarse piston phase-sensing along with MagAO-X’s pyramid wavefront sensor to measure and correct the fine phasing level of the GMT primary mirror segments under realistic wind load and seeing conditions.This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

MagAO-X first light

MagAO-X is a new "extreme" adaptive optics system for the Magellan Clay 6.5 m telescope which began commissioning in December, 2019. MagAO-X is based around a 2040 actuator deformable mirror, controlled by a pyramid wavefront sensor operating at up to 3.6 kHz. When fully optimized, MagAO-X will deliver high Strehls (< 70%), high resolution (19 mas), and high contrast (< 1 × 10-4) at Ha (656 nm). We present a brief review of the instrument design and operations, and then report on the results of the first-light run. ©2020 SPIE.This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

The Giant Magellan Telescope high contrast adaptive optics phasing testbed (p-HCAT): lab tests of segment/petal phasing with a pyramid wavefront sensor and a holographic dispersed fringe sensor (HDFS) in turbulence

The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) design consists of seven circular 8.4-m diameter mirror segments that are separated by large > 30 cm gaps, creating the possibility of fluctuations in optical path differences due to flexure, segment vibrations, wind buffeting, temperature effects, and atmospheric seeing. In order to utilize the full diffraction-limited aperture of the GMT for natural guide star adaptive optics (NGSAO) science, the seven mirror segments must be co-phased to well within a fraction of a wavelength. The current design of the GMT involves seven adaptive secondary mirrors, an off-axis dispersed fringe sensor (part of the AGWS), and a pyramid wavefront sensor (PyWFS; part of the NGWS) to measure and correct the total path length between segment pairs, but these methods have yet to be tested "end-to-end" in a lab environment. We present the design and working prototype of a "GMT High-Contrast Adaptive Optics phasing Testbed" (p-HCAT) which leverages the existing MagAO-X AO instrument to demonstrate segment phase sensing and simultaneous AO-control for GMT NGSAO science. We present the first test results of closed-loop piston control with one GMT segment using MagAO-X's PyWFS and a novel Holographic Dispersed Fringe Sensor (HDFS) with and without simulated atmospheric turbulence. We show that the PyWFS alone was unsuccessful at controlling segment piston with generated ~ 0.6 arcsec and ~ 1.2 arcsec seeing turbulence due to non-linear modal cross-talk and poor pixel sampling of the segment gaps on the PyWFS detector. We report the success of an alternate solution to control piston using the novel HDFS while controlling all other modes with the PyWFS purely as a slope sensor (piston mode removed). This "second channel" WFS method worked well to control piston to within 50 nm RMS and $\pm$ 10 $\mu$m dynamic range under simulated 0.6 arcsec atmospheric seeing conditions.Comment: 54 pages, 25 figure

MagAO-X and HST High-contrast Imaging of the AS209 Disk at Hα

The detection of emission lines associated with accretion processes is a direct method for studying how and where gas giant planets form, how young planets interact with their natal protoplanetary disk, and how volatile delivery to their atmosphere takes place. H α ( λ = 0.656 μ m) is expected to be the strongest accretion line observable from the ground with adaptive optics systems, and is therefore the target of specific high-contrast imaging campaigns. We present MagAO-X and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data obtained to search for H α emission from the previously detected protoplanet candidate orbiting AS209, identified through Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations. No signal was detected at the location of the candidate, and we provide limits on its accretion. Our data would have detected an H α emission with F _H _α > 2.5 ± 0.3 × 10 ^−16 erg s ^−1 cm ^−2 , a factor 6.5 lower than the HST flux measured for PDS70 b. The flux limit indicates that if the protoplanet is currently accreting it is likely that local extinction from circumstellar and circumplanetary material strongly attenuates its emission at optical wavelengths. In addition, the data reveal the first image of the jet north of the star as expected from previous detections of forbidden lines. Finally, this work demonstrates that current ground-based observations with extreme adaptive optics systems can be more sensitive than space-based observations, paving the way to the hunt for small planets in reflected light with extremely large telescopes

Prediction of the planet yield of the MaxProtoPlanetS high-contrast survey for H-alpha protoplanets with MagAO-X based on first light contrasts

Our past GAPplanetS survey over the last 5 years with the MagAO visible AO system discovered the first examples of accreting protoplanets (by direct observation of H-alpha emission). Examples include LkCa15 b (Sallum et al. 2015) and PDS70 b (Wagner et al. 2018). In this paper we review the science performance of the newly (Dec. 2019) commissioned MagAO-X extreme AO system. In particular, we use the vAPP coronagraphic contrasts measured during MagAO-X first light. We use the Massive Accreting Gap (MAG) protoplanet model of Close 2020 to predict the H-alpha contrasts of 19 of the best transitional disk systems (ages 1-5 Myr) for the direct detection of H-alpha from accretion of hydrogen onto these protoplanets. The MAG protoplanet model applied to the observed first light MagAO-X contrasts predict a maximum yield of 46±7 planets from 19 stars (42 of these planets would be new discoveries). This suggests that there is a large, yet, unexplored reservoir of protoplanets that can be discovered with an extreme AO coronagraphic survey of 19 of the best transitional disk systems. Based on our first light contrasts we predict a healthy yield of protoplanets from our MaxProtoPlanetS survey of 19 transitional disks with MagAO-X. © 2020 SPIE.This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]