Horizontal Transfer of Non-LTR Retrotransposons

<p>Horizontal transfer is a complex phenomenon usually used as explanation of phylogenetic inconsistence which can not be interpreted in terms of vertical evolution. Most examples of horizontal transfer of eukaryotic genes involve transposable elements. An intriguing feature of horizontal transfer is that its frequency differs among transposable elements classes. Although horizontal transfer is well known for DNA transposons and LTR retrotransposons, majority of previously described cases of horizontal transfer for non-LTR retrotransposons were dismissed based on the analysis of non-LTR retrotransposon sequence change rates. Nevertheless, recent findings suggest that non-LTR retrotransposons can be horizontally transmitted. Thus, one cannot completely exclude the possibility of horizontal transfer for this group of transposable elements. We review the occurrence of horizontal transfer of non-LTR retrotransposons and examine the criteria used to infer such transfers.</p

Additional file 1: of Genetic diversity among eight Dendrolimus species in Eurasia (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) inferred from mitochondrial COI and COII, and nuclear ITS2 markers

Localities, number of collected Dendrolimus specimens and their Genbank accession numbers. (PDF 257 kb

CR1 clade of non-LTR retrotransposons from butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): evidence for recent horizontal transmission-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "CR1 clade of non-LTR retrotransposons from butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): evidence for recent horizontal transmission"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/93</p><p>BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007;7():93-93.</p><p>Published online 25 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1925062.</p><p></p>1 elements can be divided into three distinct lineages: MacCR1A, MacCR1B and MacCR1C

CR1 clade of non-LTR retrotransposons from butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): evidence for recent horizontal transmission-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "CR1 clade of non-LTR retrotransposons from butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): evidence for recent horizontal transmission"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/93</p><p>BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007;7():93-93.</p><p>Published online 25 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1925062.</p><p></p

CR1 clade of non-LTR retrotransposons from butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): evidence for recent horizontal transmission-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "CR1 clade of non-LTR retrotransposons from butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): evidence for recent horizontal transmission"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/93</p><p>BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007;7():93-93.</p><p>Published online 25 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1925062.</p><p></p> number of other lanes correspond to numbers of fragments indicated above

CR1 clade of non-LTR retrotransposons from butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): evidence for recent horizontal transmission-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "CR1 clade of non-LTR retrotransposons from butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): evidence for recent horizontal transmission"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/93</p><p>BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007;7():93-93.</p><p>Published online 25 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1925062.</p><p></p>1 elements can be divided into three distinct lineages: MacCR1A, MacCR1B and MacCR1C