Serum concentration for C14:1-carnitine (A) and C3DC+C4OH-carnitine (B) in the different groups.

<p>Shown are means + SEM for NGT (normal glucose tolerance), IFG (impaired fasting glycaemia), IGT (impaired glucose tolerance) and T2D (type 2 diabetes); * p<0.05 vs. T2D, # p<0.01 vs. IGT</p

Association between acylcarnitines and body fat or waist to hip ratio.

<p> Associations were assessed in a linear regression model adjusted for age and gender. P-values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant and marked in bold italic.</p

Acylcarnitines serum concentration in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), isolated impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

<p>± standard deviation and ranges. P-values are corrected for age, gender and BMI. Tukey-HSD post-hoc test was performed only when the adjusted ANOVA showed significant differences. Data present means </p

Age distribution.

<p>Age distribution.</p

Blood gas analysis (n = 244).

<p>Blood gas analysis (n = 244).</p

Patients Characteristics.

<p>Patients Characteristics.</p

Patient Characteristics.

<p>Patient Characteristics.</p

Correlation between S-100 B concentration and ISS (0.0001).

<p>Correlation between S-100 B concentration and ISS (0.0001).</p

S-100 B concentrations above 2.0 μg/l are associated with decreased survival (p = 0.01).

<p>S-100 B concentrations above 2.0 μg/l are associated with decreased survival (p = 0.01).</p

S-100 B Concentrations Are a Predictor of Decreased Survival in Patients with Major Trauma, Independently of Head Injury

<div><p>Background</p><p>Major trauma remains one of the principle causes of disability and death throughout the world. There is currently no satisfactory risk assessment to predict mortality in patients with major trauma. The aim of our study is to examine whether S-100 B protein concentrations correlate with injury severity and survival in patients with major trauma, with special emphasis on patients without head injury.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Our retrospective data analysis comprised adult patients admitted to our emergency department between 1.12. 2008 and 31.12 2010 with a suspected major trauma. S-100 B concentrations were routinely assessed in major trauma patients.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 27.7% (378) of all patients had major trauma. The median ISS was 24.6 (SD 8.4); 16.6% (63/378) of the patients died. S-100 B concentrations correlated overall with the ISS (p<0.0001). Patients who died had significantly higher S-100 B concentrations than survivors (8.2 μg/l versus 2.2 μg/l, p<0.0001). Polytraumatised patients with and without head trauma did not differ significantly with respect to S-100 B concentration (3.2 μg/l (SD 5.3) versus 2.9 μg/l (SD 3.8), respectively, p = 0.63) or with respect to Injury Severity Score (24.8 (SD 8.6) versus 24.2 (SD 8.1), respectively, p = 0.56). S-100 B concentrations correlated negatively with survival (p<0.0001) in all patients and in both subgroups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively)</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>S-100 concentrations on admission correlate positively with greater injury severity and decreased survival in major trauma patients, independently of the presence of a head injury. S-100 B protein levels at admission in patients with major trauma may therefore be used to assess outcome in all polytraumatised patients. These measurements should be subject to further evaluation.</p></div