10,703 research outputs found
What Does the CMS Measurement of W-polarization Tell Us about the Underlying Theory of the Coupling of W-Bosons to Matter?
We discuss results of the CMS collaboration on the sensitivity of the LHC to
boson polarisation in the process using the variable directly connected to
angle of the outgoing lepton in the rest frame of the decaying . We have
shown that for a given , interference between different polarizations of
the -boson is not negligible, and needs to be taken into account when
considering the differential cross-section with respect to . The
variable suggested by CMS collaboration is highly suitable variable to study
LHC sensitivity to couplings of -boson to fermions. We note that
the experimental sensitivity to W-boson polarization which is much higher than
that to () parameter space can be turned around and used to identify
deviations from the Standard Model as a signal for new physics at the LHC.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures. Updated to match the final version published in
JHEP with updated figures and polished tex
Measurement, Decoherence and Master Equations
In the first part of this thesis we concern ourselves with the problem of generating
pseudo-random circuits. These are a series of quantum gates chosen at
random, with the overall effect of implementing unitary operations with statistical
properties close to that of unitaries drawn at random with respect to the
Haar measure. Such circuits have a growing number of applications in quantum-information
processing, but all known algorithms require an external input of
classical randomness. We suggest a scheme to implement random circuits in a
weighted graph state. The input state is entangled with the weighted graph state
and a random circuit is implemented by performing local measurements in one
fixed basis only. A central idea in the analysis of this proposal is the average
bipartite entanglement generated by the repeated application of such circuits on
a large number of randomly chosen input product states. For a truly random circuit,
this should agree with that obtained by applying unitaries at random chosen
uniformly with respect to the Haar measure, values which can be calculated using
Pages Conjecture.
Part II is largely concerned with continuous variables (CV) systems. In particular,
we are interested in two descriptions. That of the class of Gaussian
states, and that of systems which can be adequately described through the use
of Markovian master equations. In the case of the latter, there are a number of
approaches one may take in order to derive a suitable equation, all of which require
some sort of approximation. These approximations can be made based on a
mixture of mathematical and physical grounds. However, unfortunately it is not
always clear how justified we are in making a particular choice, especially when
the test system we wish to describe includes its own internal interactions. In an
attempt to clarify this situation, we derive Markovian master equations for single
and interacting harmonic systems under different scenarios, including strong
internal coupling. By comparing the dynamics resulting from the corresponding
master equations with numerical simulations of the global systems evolution, we
assess the robustness of the assumptions usually made in the process of deriving
the reduced Markovian dynamics. This serves to clarify the general properties of
other open quantum system scenarios subject to treatment within a Markovian
approximation.
Finally, we extend the notions of the smooth min- and smooth max-entropies
to the continuous variable setting. Specifically, we have provided expressions to
evaluate these measures on arbitrary Gaussian states. These expressions rely
only on the symplectic eigenvalues of the corresponding covariance matrix. As
an application, we have considered their use as a suitable measure for detecting
thermalisation
Spinoza, money, and desire
In the context of Spinoza's psychological and political theory, money appears as a profound social problem. I agree with Frédéric Lordon and André Orléan that Spinoza's psychological theory can explain how multiple agents can converge on a single monetary good as a means of payment. I disagree, however, with their further claim that this convergence brings an end to rivalrous conflict among those agents. Instead, I argue, it intensifies and concentrates this rivalry, threatening the very bonds that hold society together. Yet money is, on Spinoza's account, necessary for commerce, and commerce is necessary for humans to live together. The social problem that thus arises is that of ensuring that money can play its vital role in supporting commerce without giving way to destructive rivalries that can destroy society. My interpretation of Spinoza on these points is influenced by the theory of René Girard, with which Spinoza's account has some striking parallels.PostprintPeer reviewe
- …