3,523 research outputs found
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathophysiology
This poster presentation overviews the pathophysiologic process and accompanying disease characteristics associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). COPD is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Studies suggest that its incidence will only increase in the future. COPD risk factors include smoking tobacco, environmental chemical/pollution irritants, and genetic predisposition. Smoking is the most common cause of COPD, and cessation can improve patient outcomes drastically. This chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overview discusses the importance of knowledge of COPD, signs, symptoms, pathophysiology, peri-operative management, treatments, and prevention
Identification of Critical Points for Bacterial Contamination in the Microbrewery Environment
There are 8,884 craft breweries producing over 23 million barrels of beer in the United States as of 2020. These 23 million barrels of craft beer account for 12.3% of the United States beer consumption in 2020. The American craft beer industry is substantial and needs to protect its product from bacterial contamination.
Overall, beer is a microbially stable product. Beers pH, ethanol levels, CO2 concentrations, the presence of hop-derived antimicrobial compounds, and low levels of O2 make beer a highly unfavorable environment for most bacterial species. Furthermore, the brewing process, which involves heat treatments and chemical sanitizers further protect beer from bacterial contamination. However, beer sometimes does become contaminated by unwanted bacteria. Primarily these bacteria are members of the Genera Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Pectinatus, and Megasphaera. These bacteria contaminate beer due to a variety of factors that allow them to evade beer’s antibacterial properties or the process hurdles of the brewing process. Protecting beer from these spoilage organisms is crucial to maintain quality and shelf stability. Microbreweries and brewpub are especially vulnerable to bacterial contamination due to the unique challenges they face. These challenges include the use of modular chlorobutyl hose systems and mobile pumps, the overall “open” nature of smaller brewhouses and cellars exposed to the outside environment (such as opening tanks to pitch yeast, dry hop, or introduction of additions), and the proximity of the production and packaging areas to the public.
Research was conducted to determine steps in the brewing process that bacterial species were most likely to contaminate the microbrewery/brewpub environment. Samples were collected from three breweries of similar size and scale in Upstate South Carolina, from eleven common locations throughout the brewing process and analyzed via HybriScan D Beer rapid molecular testing kits for the cell counts at each location. The racking arm valve had the highest levels of bacterial contamination
Chord diagrams and BPHZ subtractions
The combinatorics of the BPHZ subtraction scheme for a class of ladder graphs
for the three point vertex in theory is transcribed into certain
connectivity relations for marked chord diagrams (knots with transversal
intersections). The resolution of the singular crossings using the equivalence
relations in these examples provides confirmation of a proposed fundamental
relationship between knot theory and renormalization in perturbative quantum
field theory.Comment: 12 pages, 5 Postscript figures, LaTex 2
The embedding structure for linearly ordered topological spaces
In this paper, the class of all linearly ordered topological spaces (LOTS)
quasi-ordered by the embeddability relation is investigated. In ZFC it is
proved that for countable LOTS this quasi-order has both a maximal (universal)
element and a finite basis. For the class of uncountable LOTS of cardinality
it is proved that this quasi-order has no maximal element for
at least the size of the continuum and that in fact the dominating number for
such quasi-orders is maximal, i.e. . Certain subclasses of LOTS, such
as the separable LOTS, are studied with respect to the top and internal
structure of their respective embedding quasi-order. The basis problem for
uncountable LOTS is also considered; assuming the Proper Forcing Axiom there is
an eleven element basis for the class of uncountable LOTS and a six element
basis for the class of dense uncountable LOTS in which all points have
countable cofinality and coinitiality
Field Theory of Many-Body Lindbladian Dynamics
We review and further develop the Keldysh functional integral technique for
the study of Lindbladian evolution of many-body driven-dissipative quantum
systems. A systematic and pedagogical account of the dynamics of generic
bosonic and fermionic Lindbladians is presented. Our particular emphasis is on
unique properties of the stationary distribution function, determined by the
Lyapunov equation. This framework is applied to study examples of Lindbladian
dynamics in the context of band theory, disorder, collisionless collective
modes, and mean-field theory
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