Conceptual framework for constructing an adequacy and plausibility assessment to support the Mainland Tanzania malaria impact evaluation.

<p>Conceptual framework for constructing an adequacy and plausibility assessment to support the Mainland Tanzania malaria impact evaluation.</p

Severe anemia prevalence and all-cause mortality (deaths per 1000 live births) according to age group (A) and (B) and malaria endemicity (C) and (D), respectively.

<p>Severe anemia prevalence and all-cause mortality (deaths per 1000 live births) according to age group (A) and (B) and malaria endemicity (C) and (D), respectively.</p

Trends in 5-year estimates of all-cause neonatal, infant, and under-five year mortality rates in Mainland Tanzania, 1990–2010.

<p>Footnote: Each rate presented as the mid-point of the five-year interval it reflects (e.g., 2010 survey, measuring mortality 2005–2009, was plotted at 2007). Mortality among children 1–59 months of age declined 54% between 1999 and 2010 (from 111 to 57 deaths per 1000 live births) compared to the 45% relative decline for the traditional 0–59 month age group described in text.</p

Timeline depicting years when national-level implementation of specific malaria control policies and interventions began in Mainland Tanzania, 2000–2010.

<p>Timeline depicting years when national-level implementation of specific malaria control policies and interventions began in Mainland Tanzania, 2000–2010.</p

Price paid for ACTs and most common alternative anti-malarials by interviewed consumers.

<p>Prices of subsidized ACTs and the most commonly purchased alternative anti-malarial – amodiaquine (AQ) or sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) – observed in the two intervention districts between November 2007 and November 2008 are displayed by intervention district and age of intended recipient. The thick blue line denotes the median and the red X the mean, with the surrounding box delineating the interquartile range (IQR). The lines extending from each box mark 1.5 times the IQR, with dots showing outliers that do not fall within this range.</p

Recorded observations by methodology, characteristic, and district, August 2007 and August 2008.

<p>Recorded observations by methodology, characteristic, and district, August 2007 and August 2008.</p

Purchase of anti-malarials by exit interview customers by district, August 2007 and August 2008.

<p>Purchase of anti-malarials by exit interview customers by district, August 2007 and August 2008.</p

Location of project districts by role in study.

<p>The red areas denote the two intervention districts, while the green area shows the control district.</p

Stocking and sales of subsidized ACTs at drug shops in intervention districts.

<p>All <i>duka la dawa baridi</i> (DLDB) in Maswa (top) and Kongwa (bottom) districts are mapped as either white (ACTs not in stock at time of survey) or black (ACTs in stock) circles. Data is shown at baseline (August '07) and two periods during implementation (November '07 and August '08). Districts are divided into 10 km² squares, with the total volume of adult equivalent doses of ACTs sold in that area over the preceding four weeks shown by the color of shading as follows: Tan = 1 to 50 doses sold; Orange = 51 to 250 doses; Light red = 251 to 500 doses; and Dark red = 501 to 10,000 doses.</p