Relationship between dental anxiety, general anxiety level and depression in patients attending a university hospital dental clinic in Turkey.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between dental anxiety, general anxiety and depression levels in patients attending a university hospital dental clinic in Turkey. Basic research design: A cross sectional study. Participants: 250 first visit patients seeking dental treatment. Main outcome measures: Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to assess the dental anxiety, general anxiety and depression level in these patients. Results: The mean MDAS, BAI, and BDI scores were 10.5, 9.4, and 10.7, respectively. The prevalence of dental anxiety was found to be 20.8% (52/250) at the cut-off point >= 15 and 6.8% (17/250) at the cut-off point >= 19 according to MDAS score evaluation. MDAS and BAI scores were significantly higher in women (p= 19 (p<0.05, p<0.001 and p=0.477, respectively) but there was no association with BDI. There was significant correlation between MDAS scores and age, BDI and BAI mean scores (r = - 0.166, p<0.01; r = 0.148, p<0.05; r = 0.273, p<0.01 respectively). Conclusions: Dental anxiety was positively correlated with patients' general anxiety level and was higher in women and at younger age

Treatment of a Tardive Dyskinesia Patient with Temporomandibular Disorder: A Case Report

This case report presents a patient with tardive dyskinesia who also suffered from masticatory muscle pain and temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis. The patient was treated with clozapine in gradually increasing doses and two injections of botulinum toxin type A one year apart. Involuntary movements of mandibular clenching and bruxing disappeared and pain was relieved to a great extent. Reappearances of dyskinetic movements and pain were observed during the follow-up period of 1.5 years. J OROFAC PAIN 2010;24:212-21

The assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in university students

Objective: In our study, we aimed to scan attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms with scale and determine the prevalence of persons who had high level of ADHD symptoms. Methods: 1961 university students participated in the study and they were given Adult ADD/ADHD DSM-IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale. According to results, we determined prevalence of university students who reported high degree ADHD symptoms and the difference between genders and between formal education and night school students. Results: 1961 university students were taken to the study and 63.4% (n=1244) of them were women and 36.5% (n=717) of them were men. 65.0% (n=1273) of the students were from formal education and 35.0% (n=687) were from night school of university. After statistical evaluations, we found the prevalence of students with high degree ADHD symptom as 15.55%. Men got significantly more points in hyperactivity subscale (p=0.001) and total points (p=0.047) of the scale. There was no significant difference between formal education and night school students according to ADHD symptoms. Discussion: According to results of the scale we used, the prevalence rate of students with self reported high degree of ADHD symptoms was higher than previous ADHD prevalence studies. This high rate may be due to not questioning childhood period for ADHD and not diagnosing the disorder with clinical assessment. In previous studies, it was shown that although ADHD is more common in boys, in adulthood it has an equal rate in both sexes, but in our study, we found ADHD more common in men and that may be because we assessed university students in early adulthood period. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2009; 10: 88-93