911 research outputs found
Shot noise suppression in quasi one-dimensional Field Effect Transistors
We present a novel method for the evaluation of shot noise in quasi
one-dimensional field-effect transistors, such as those based on carbon
nanotubes and silicon nanowires. The method is derived by using a statistical
approach within the second quantization formalism and allows to include both
the effects of Pauli exclusion and Coulomb repulsion among charge carriers. In
this way it extends Landauer-Buttiker approach by explicitly including the
effect of Coulomb repulsion on noise. We implement the method through the
self-consistent solution of the 3D Poisson and transport equations within the
NEGF framework and a Monte Carlo procedure for populating injected electron
states. We show that the combined effect of Pauli and Coulomb interactions
reduces shot noise in strong inversion down to 23 % of the full shot noise for
a gate overdrive of 0.4 V, and that neglecting the effect of Coulomb repulsion
would lead to an overestimation of noise up to 180 %.Comment: Changed content, 7 pages,5 figure
Motion Invariance in Visual Environments
The puzzle of computer vision might find new challenging solutions when we
realize that most successful methods are working at image level, which is
remarkably more difficult than processing directly visual streams, just as
happens in nature. In this paper, we claim that their processing naturally
leads to formulate the motion invariance principle, which enables the
construction of a new theory of visual learning based on convolutional
features. The theory addresses a number of intriguing questions that arise in
natural vision, and offers a well-posed computational scheme for the discovery
of convolutional filters over the retina. They are driven by the Euler-Lagrange
differential equations derived from the principle of least cognitive action,
that parallels laws of mechanics. Unlike traditional convolutional networks,
which need massive supervision, the proposed theory offers a truly new scenario
in which feature learning takes place by unsupervised processing of video
signals. An experimental report of the theory is presented where we show that
features extracted under motion invariance yield an improvement that can be
assessed by measuring information-based indexes.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1801.0711
Enhanced shot noise in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors
We predict shot noise enhancement in defect-free carbon nanotube field-effect
transistors through a numerical investigation based on the self-consistent
solution of the Poisson and Schrodinger equations within the non-equilibrium
Green functions formalism, and on a Monte Carlo approach to reproduce injection
statistics. Noise enhancement is due to the correlation between trapping of
holes from the drain into quasi-bound states in the channel and thermionic
injection of electrons from the source, and can lead to an appreciable Fano
factor of 1.22 at room temperature.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Is family farming educational? The Australian experience
The Australian rural landscape has been changing throughout history since the first European settlement. The
progressive expansion of agriculture in the past centuries is responsible for its modification and diversification.
Family farming has a relevant role in the Australian agriculture and food production, however in the last
decades it has been facing a consistent decline, primarily because of economic and climatic reasons. This paper
aims to retrace the historical development of agriculture in Australia and to analyse the current situation of
family farming, by reporting the tendencies and the changed features, the educational and social aspects, and
the interaction with the rural landscape.
According to our research it emerged that family farming has been one of the major keys of the agricultural
sector development in Australia and was deeply affected through history by internal and external factors such
as globalization, neoliberalism, immigration and climatic conditions. Nowadays family farming is pivotal in
the interface connection between modern societies and rural environment. In fact it is also becoming an
important component of national tourism, with the birth and development of agrotourisms and holiday farms
which in the past years have accounted for a considerable percentage of visits both from international and
national people
Backprop Diffusion is Biologically Plausible
The Backpropagation algorithm relies on the abstraction of using a neural
model that gets rid of the notion of time, since the input is mapped
instantaneously to the output. In this paper, we claim that this abstraction of
ignoring time, along with the abrupt input changes that occur when feeding the
training set, are in fact the reasons why, in some papers, Backprop biological
plausibility is regarded as an arguable issue. We show that as soon as a deep
feedforward network operates with neurons with time-delayed response, the
backprop weight update turns out to be the basic equation of a biologically
plausible diffusion process based on forward-backward waves. We also show that
such a process very well approximates the gradient for inputs that are not too
fast with respect to the depth of the network. These remarks somewhat disclose
the diffusion process behind the backprop equation and leads us to interpret
the corresponding algorithm as a degeneration of a more general diffusion
process that takes place also in neural networks with cyclic connections.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1907.0510
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