Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (cut off 17%, 95% CI) for serum samples from people with a diagnosis of <i>Opisthorchis felineus</i> infection confirmed by the detection of <i>O. felineus</i> eggs in their stool, serum samples from <i>Opisthorchis</i> sp. -free people, and serum samples from people suffering from other parasitic or non-parasitic infections.^a

a<p>Sensitivity = 100% (95% CI: 97.45–100%), it was calculated as TP/(TP+FN); Specificity = 90.27% (95% CI: 85.63–93.80%), it was calculated as TN/(TN+FP);</p>c<p>Positive predictive value = 86.75% (95% CI: 80.62–91.50%), it was calculated as TP/(TP+FP); Negative predictive value = 100% (95% CI: 98.19–100%), it was calculated as TN/(TN+FN). TP, TN, FP, and FN are the numbers of true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives, respectively.</p

Descriptive indices of ELISA results to detect anti-<i>Opisthorchis</i> IgG in sera from persons with a confirmed diagnosis of opisthorchiasis (infected), and from healthy persons (non-infected).

<p>Descriptive indices of ELISA results to detect anti-<i>Opisthorchis</i> IgG in sera from persons with a confirmed diagnosis of opisthorchiasis (infected), and from healthy persons (non-infected).</p

ELISA reproducibility.

<p>Data from three <i>Opisthorchis</i>-positive (N. 1–3) and six <i>Opisthorchis</i>-negative (N. 4–9) serum samples corresponding to eight different working sessions.</p

Scatter plot of the differences between the optical density (OD) of the serum duplicates and their means.

<p>OD was recorded at 450 nm.</p

The proportion of triple-positive and double-positive T-cell subsets was increased in the “active stages” group compared to the “inactive stages” group.

<p>Proportion of the monofunctional and polyfunctional subsets in the “active stages” and “inactive stages” groups. The horizontal lines represent the median. Black dots indicate the “active stages” CE patients, white dots indicate the “inactive stages” CE patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann Whitney test, and p value was considered significant if ≤0.05.</p

Survey performed to enroll patients with suspected CE.

<p><b>Footnote:</b> CE: Cystic Echinococcosis</p><p>Survey performed to enroll patients with suspected CE.</p

Flow chart of the enrolled subjects.

<p>Flow chart of the enrolled subjects.</p

Demographical and clinical characteristics of the enrolled subjects.

<p><b>Footnote</b>: N: Number; IQR: Interquartile Range; y: Year; US: Ultrasound.</p><p>Demographical and clinical characteristics of the enrolled subjects.</p

Magnitude and cytokine profile of the total AgB-specific-response.

<p>Flow cytometry evaluation of CD4⁺ T-cell response to AgB. <b>A.</b> Magnitude of the cytokine response to AgB (considering the production of any cytokine) in the “active stages” and “inactive stages” groups. <b>B.</b> Frequency of the "total cytokine response" elicited by the AgB in the “active stages” and “inactive stages” groups. <b>C.</b> Frequency of the "total cytokine response" elicited by the control stimulus SEB in the “active stages”, “inactive stages” and NO-CE subjects groups. The positive CD4⁺ T-cell response was defined as the production of any cytokines (IFN-γ and/or IL-2 and/or TNF-α and/or Th2 cytokines and/or IL-10) with 0.03% as the detection limit corresponding to at least 30 analyzed events. The horizontal lines represent the median. Black dots indicate the “active stages” CE patients, white dots indicate the “inactive stages” CE patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, and p value was considered significant if ≤0.05.</p

The proportion of AgB-specific CD4⁺ T-cells producing IL-2⁺TNF-α⁺Th2⁺ (triple- positive) or TNF-α⁺Th2⁺ (double-positive) was increased in the “active stages” group compared to the “inactive stages” group.

<p>Proportion of the cytokine-producing subsets of the antigen-specific response in the different groups. <b>A.</b> Cytokine profile of the AgB-specific response in the “active stages” and “inactive stages” groups. <b>B.</b> Cytokine profile elicited by the control stimulus SEB in the “active stages”, “inactive stages”, and NO-CE subjects groups. The horizontal lines represent the median; statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, and p value was considered significant if ≤0.05.</p