Baring Inequality: Revisiting the Legalization Debate Through the Lens of Strippers\u27 Rights

The debate over legalization of prostitution has fractured the feminist legal community for over a quarter century. Pro-legalization advocates promote the benefits attending government regulation of prostitution, including the ability to better prosecute sex crimes, increase public health and educational resources for individuals in the commercial sex trade, and apply labor and safety regulations to the commercial sex industry in the same manner as they are applied to other businesses. Some anti-legalization advocates identify themselves as new abolitionists, and argue that government recognition of prostitution reinforces gender inequality. Often, this debate is framed in the hypothetical: What would happen if sex work were legalized? When deploying the hypothetical, advocates elide the reality that the commercial sex industry is legal in the United States for a large swathe of workers in the industry: strippers. Stripping, as this Article will describe, is analogous to prostitution in that every interaction between stripper and customer is a performance of intimacy geared toward sexually and emotionally satisfying the customer in exchange for money. During these performances, strippers are often isolated with customers, thereby vulnerable to physical and sexual assault. Applying the argument of legalization advocates, strippers should experience better protection than individuals engaging in prostitution because their work is legal and thus subject to government oversight. But does this argument hold true? This Article examines strippers\u27 experiences as a case study for how the legalization argument for prostitution falls short of its promises. Despite the fact that stripping for money is legal, the stripper\u27s body remains a site of deep controversy in American culture and legal jurisprudence. Her dance is seen both as a threat to social order and an act of expression to be protected. Her work, legally recognized labor, is nonetheless ignored when it is not reviled. Unlike workers whose labor is seen as legitimate in the eyes of the law, the stripper operates in a murky zone of legal protection laden with qualifications and contradictions. While legalization has led to heavy regulation, it has failed to protect strippers and has arguably made them more vulnerable by lending a false veneer of legitimacy to strip clubs\u27 labor practices. In the past thirty years, legal doctrine has developed in two distinct substantive areas that exacerbate strippers\u27 poor working conditions: 1) strippers\u27 classification as independent contractors and consequential exclusion from protective labor statutes, and 2) First Amendment jurisprudence that permits regulation of strip clubs, but has not produced meaningful protective regulations for strippers. These doctrinal developments are entangled in underlying social narratives about the worth of sexual labor and the place of the strip club in a morally upright community

Exploratory analysis of the relationships among different methods of assessing adherence and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objectives: The present study examined four methods of assessing diabetes adherence (self-report, diary measure, electronic monitoring, and provider rating) within a population of youth with Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Comparisons were conducted among the four methods of assessing diabetes adherence. Associations among the seven different measures of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) and HbA1c were examined. An exploratory stepwise regression analysis was conducted to determine the best predictors of glycemic control (i.e., Hemoglobin A1c; HbA1c) while controlling for relevant demographic variables. Results: The adherence measures appeared to be interrelated. The relationships between many of the BGM measures and HbA1c demonstrated a medium effect size. The Self Care Inventory (SCI) adjusted global score was the strongest predictor of HbA1c, even after taking the demographic variables into account. Conclusions: The SCI is a robust, easy-to-use, and cost-efficient measure of adherence that has a strong relationship to HbA1c. Demographic variables are important to examine within the context of different methods of assessing adherence. The research methodology utilized to assess both general diabetes adherence and more specific behavioral measurements of BGM should be clearly documented in future studies to ensure accurate interpretation of results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved

Effectiveness of Groups for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Parents

Peer- and family-based group therapies have been used as separate interventions to improve adjustment and self-management among youth with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. This study replicates a treatment protocol that combined these two types of diabetes management groups, while also using a wait-list control design methodology within an outpatient mental health clinic setting. General psychosocial and diabetes-related variables were assessed at baseline, immediately posttreatment, and 4 months posttreatment. Youths’ medical information, including metabolic control values, was extracted from medical charts for the 6 months prior to baseline and 6 months after treatment ended. At 4 months posttreatment, parents and youth reported increased parent responsibility, and parents reported improved youth diabetes-specific quality of life. Although there were no statistically significant changes in hemoglobin A1c values and health care utilization frequency from 6 months prior to and 6 months posttreatment, other psychosocial changes (i.e., increases in parent responsibility and diabetes-specific quality of life) were documented. Therefore, this treatment was found to be a promising intervention for use in an outpatient clinical setting to aid in improving the psychosocial functioning of youth with Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Functional Testing Approaches for "BIFST-able" tlm_fifo

Evolution of Electronic System Level design methodologies, allows a wider use of Transaction-Level Modeling (TLM). TLM is a high-level approach to modeling digital systems that emphasizes on separating communications among modules from the details of functional units. This paper explores different functional testing approaches for the implementation of Built-in Functional Self Test facilities in the TLM primitive channel tlm_fifo. In particular, it focuses on three different test approaches based on a finite state machine model of tlm_fifo, functional fault models, and march tests respectivel

Plug & Test at System Level via Testable TLM Primitives

With the evolution of Electronic System Level (ESL) design methodologies, we are experiencing an extensive use of Transaction-Level Modeling (TLM). TLM is a high-level approach to modeling digital systems where details of the communication among modules are separated from the those of the implementation of functional units. This paper represents a first step toward the automatic insertion of testing capabilities at the transaction level by definition of testable TLM primitives. The use of testable TLM primitives should help designers to easily get testable transaction level descriptions implementing what we call a "Plug & Test" design methodology. The proposed approach is intended to work both with hardware and software implementations. In particular, in this paper we will focus on the design of a testable FIFO communication channel to show how designers are given the freedom of trading-off complexity, testability levels, and cos

Suppressed Acrylamide Formation during Baking in Yeast-Leavened Bread Based on added Asparaginase, Baking Time and Temperature Using Response Surface Methodology

 Background and Objective: Acrylamide as a toxic substance for human beings is produced by Maillard reaction at high temperatures. In this research, this reaction can be inhibited based on using aspariganse enzyme, controlling the cooking time and temperature during baking in yeast-leavened bread.Material and Methods: In this study, a response surface methodology 5-level-3-factor central composite design was applied to study the effects of asparaginase (300-900 U Kg-1 of flour), baking temperature (230-280°C) and baking time (13-16 min) on acrylamide formation in yeast-leavened wheat bread.Results and Conclusion: Added asparaginase showed a reducing effect on acrylamide formation (p≤0.0001). Baking temperature significantly increased the acrylamide content in bread (p≤0.0001). A strong correlation was found between the baking temperature and acrylamide formation. Baking time and its interaction with asparaginase had a low but significant reducing effect on acrylamide content in bread (p≤0.0001). Three parameters of the cooking temperature and time as well as enzyme concentration have been optimized using response surface methodology, their values obtained 245.71°C, 14.55 min and 752.15 U Kg-1, respectively. Enzymatic process could be suggested as a safe and convenient method for preventing acrylamide formation in bread making.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.