Banks as instruments of the Nazi theft of Jewish property in Serbia during the Second World War

This paper is looking into whether there was a method and if yes, what kind of method - in the Nazi racist experiment conducted in the banking system of Serbia during World War 2, and to establish the exact value of Jewish-owned property was stolen during that period

Vortex Bubble Formation in Pair Plasmas

It is shown that delocalized vortex solitons in relativistic pair plasmas with small temperature asymmetries can be unstable for intermediate intensities of the background electromagnetic field. Instability leads to the generation of ever-expanding cavitating bubbles in which the electromagnetic fields are zero. The existence of such electromagnetic bubbles is demonstrated by qualitative arguments based on a hydrodynamic analogy, and by numerical solutions of the appropriate Nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with a saturating nonlinearity.Comment: 4 pages of two-column text, 2 figure

Stočarska proizvodnja - stanje i budući pravci razvoja u Republici Srbiji

Livestock production is important branch of agriculture in Republic of Serbia. Over 700.000 households are engaged in this production, which is over 55% of total number of households. Livestock production provides necessary products (milk, meat, eggs) for nutrition of domestic population. Also, livestock production provides raw materials for food industry (dairy plants, slaughterhouses, meat industry, conditory industry and leather industry). Livestock production is expected to provide high quality products for export, primarily beef and lamb meat. Chance/opportunity for export exists also for cheeses of high quality (especially sheep and goat cheeses) of defined origin and quality. Based on available data, current situation in livestock production is assessed as inviolable. Number of heads of all species of domestic animals and poultry has been constantly decreasing over the period of last 12 years. The greatest decrease of number of heads of livestock was recorded in years 2000, 2001 and 2002, in all species of domestic animals. During this period, number of cattle decreased by 18,6%, of pigs by 11,8%, sheep by 12,3%, number of goats by 54,1%, horses by 66,0% and poultry by 28,0%. So, by the end of 2007, number of cattle was 1.087.000, pigs 3.832.000, sheep 1.606.000, goats 149.000, horses 18.000 and poultry 16.422.000. Republic of Serbia will in its near future become member of European Union (EU) and World Trade Organization (WTO), which means that livestock production should prepare for competition on unique developed market, without any state trade barriers. Serbia has been preparing for this since 2006 when it signed bilateral agreement on free trade with neighbouring countries - Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and in this way became part of the market and accepted the competition rules on the free market. Accession to EU and WTO includes liberalization of trade in livestock products, low possibility for import protection, implementation of quality standards (HACCP; ISO, Global GAP), reduction of the level of domestic support, discontinuing of export subsidies, increase of profitability and ability to be competitive on the international market.Stočarska proizvodnja je značajna grana poljoprivrede u Republici Srbiji. Zastupljeno je u preko 700.000 domaćinstava (55% od ukupnog broja domaćinstava) i predstavlja značajnu privrednu granu koja učestvuje u formiranju društvenog proizvoda poljoprivrede sa 42%. Stočarskom proizvodnjom se obezbeđuju neophodni proizvodi (mleko, meso, jaja) za ishranu domaćeg stanovništva. Pored toga stočarstvo obezbeđuje sirovine za prehrambenu industriju (mlekare, klanice, konditorske industrije i industrija prerade kože). Od stočarske proizvodnje se očekuje da obezbedi kvalitetne proizvode za izvoz, pre svega juneće i jagnjeće meso. Šansu za izvoz imaju i kvalitetni sirevi (posebno ovčiji i koziji) sa definisanim poreklom i kvalitetom. Na osnovu raspoloživih podataka stanje stočarstva u Srbiji se ocenjuje kao nepovoljno. Broj grla kod svih vrsta domaćih životinja i živine u poslednjih dvanaest godina konstantno opada. Najveće smanjenje broja grla registrovano je u toku 2000., 2001., i 2002. godine kod svih vrsta domaćih životinja. U ovom periodu broj goveda je smanjen za 18,6%, broj svinja za 11,8%, broj ovaca za 12,3%, broj koza za 54,1% broj konja za 66,0% i broj živine za 28,0%. Tako da je na kraju 2007. godine broj grla goveda 1.087.000 , 3.832.000 grla svinja, 1.606.000 grla ovaca, koza 149.000, 18.000 grla konja i 16.422.000 živine. Republika Srbija u bližoj budućnosti postaće član Evropske unije (EU) i Svetske trgovinske organizacije (STO) što znači da se stočarska proizvodnja mora pripremiti za konkurenciju na jedinstvenom razvijenom tržištu, na kome neće postojati državne trgovinske barijere. Srbija na tom putu se priprema već od 2006. godine potpisivanjem bilateralnog sporazuma o slobodnoj trgovini sa susednim zemljama (Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) i samim tim postala deo tržišta i prihvatila pravila konkurencije na slobodnom tržištu. Pristupanje u EU i STO podrazumeva veću liberalizaciju trgovine stočarskim proizvodima, mala mogućnost zaštite od uvoza, implementacija standarda kvaliteta (HACCP; ISO, Global GAP), smanjenje nivoa domaće podrške, ukidanje izvoznih subvencija, povećanje profitabilnosti i sposobnost da se izdrži konkurencija na međunarodnom tržištu

Proizvodnja i kvalitet mleka i mesa goveda i ovaca u uslovima održive proizvodnje

Basic principles that inform organic livestock production are reviewed in this paper, with special emphasis on milk and meat production in cattle and sheep. Research findings to date are presented on the impact of various management practices, both organic and conventional, as they effect product yield and quality. The importance of incorporating autochnochous breeds into organic milk and meat production systems is particularly emphasized. Additionally, a global overview of organic milk and meat production is given, along with an assessment of opportunities for implementing organic production systems in Serbia.U radu su prikazani osnovni principi organske proizvodnje u stočarstvu. Posebna pažnja posvećena je proizvodnji mleka i mesa goveda i ovaca. Prikazani su dosadašnji rezultati ispitivanja uticaja različitih uslova gajenja u organskoj i konvencionalnoj proizvodnji na prinos i kvalitet proizvoda. Istaknut je značaj korišćenja autohnonih rasa u organskoj proizvodnji mleka i mesa. Dat je prikaz organske proizvodnje mleka i mesa u svetu, kao i mogućnosti organizovanja organske proizvodnje u našoj zemlji

First broadband characterization and redshift determination of the VHE blazar MAGIC J2001+439

Aims. We aim to characterize the broadband emission from 2FGL J2001.1+4352, which has been associated with the unknown-redshift blazar MG4 J200112+4352. Based on its gamma-ray spectral properties, it was identified as a potential very high energy (VHE; E> 100 GeV) gamma-ray emitter. We investigate whether this object is aVHE emitter, characterize its gamma-ray spectrum, and study the broadband emission within the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario, which is commonly used to describe the emission in blazars. Moreover, we also intend to determine the redshift of this object, which is a crucial parameter for its scientific interpretation. Methods. The source was observed with MAGIC first in 2009 and later in 2010 within a multi-instrument observation campaign. The MAGIC observations yielded 14.8 h of good quality stereoscopic data. Besides MAGIC, the campaign involved, observations with Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT/UVOT, the optical telescopes KVA, Goddard Robotic Telescope, Galaxy View observatory, Crimean Astrophysical observatory, St. Petersburg observatory, and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. The object was monitored at radio, optical and gamma-ray energies during the years 2010 and 2011. We characterize the radio to VHE spectral energy distribution and quantify the multiband variability and correlations over short (few days) and long (many months) timescales. We also organized deep imaging optical observations with the Nordic Optical Telescope in 2013 to determine the source redshift. Results. The source, named MAGIC J2001+439, is detected for the first time at VHE with MAGIC at a statistical significance of 6.3σ (E > 70 GeV) during a 1.3 h long observation on 2010 July 16. The multi-instrument observations show variability in all energy bands with the highest amplitude of variability in the X-ray and VHE bands. Besides the variability on few-day timescales, the long-term monitoring of MAGIC J2001+439 shows that, the gamma-ray, optical, and radio emissions gradually decreased on few-month timescales from 2010 through 2011, indicating that at least some of the radio, optical and gamma-ray emission is produced in a single region by the same population of particles. We also determine for the first time the redshift of this BL Lac object through the measurement of its host galaxy during low blazar activity. Using the observational evidence that the luminosities of BL Lac host galaxies are confined to a relatively narrow range, we obtain z = 0.18 ± 0.04. Additionally, we use the Fermi-LAT and MAGIC gamma-ray spectra to provide an independent redshift estimation, z = 0.17 ± 0.10. Using the former (more accurate) redshift value, we adequately describe the broadband emission with a one-zone SSC model for different activity states and interpret the few-day timescale variability as produced by changes in the high-energy component of the electron energy distribution

Phase-resolved Crab pulsar measurements from 25 to 400 GeV with the MAGIC telescopes

We report on observations of the Crab pulsar with the MAGIC telescopes. Our data were taken in both monoscopic (> 25GeV) and stereoscopic (> 50GeV) observation modes. Two peaks were detected with both modes and phase-resolved energy spectra were calculated. By comparing with Fermi- LAT measurements, we find that the energy spectrum of the Crab pulsar does not follow a power law with an exponential cutoff, but has an additional hard component, extending up to at least 400 GeV. This suggests that the emission above 25 GeV is not dominated by curvature radiation, as suggested in the standard scenarios of the OG and SG models.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Proc. TAUP 2011, submitted for publication in JCP

Unprecedented study of the broadband emission of Mrk 421 during flaring activity in March 2010

Context. Because of its proximity, Mrk 421 is one of the best sources on which to study the nature of BL Lac objects. Its proximity allows us to characterize its broadband spectral energy distribution (SED). Aims. The goal is to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the broadband emission and the temporal evolution of Mrk 421. These mechanisms may also apply to more distant blazars that cannot be studied with the same level of detail. Methods. A flare occurring in March 2010 was observed for 13 consecutive days (from MJD 55 265 to MJD 55 277) with unprecedented wavelength coverage from radio to very high energy (VHE; E> 100 GeV) γ-rays with MAGIC, VERITAS, Whipple, Fermi-LAT, MAXI, RXTE, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and several optical and radio telescopes. We modeled the day-scale SEDs with one-zone and two-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models, investigated the physical parameters, and evaluated whether the observed broadband SED variability can be associated with variations in the relativistic particle population. Results. The activity of Mrk 421 initially was high and then slowly decreased during the 13-day period. The flux variability was remarkable at the X-ray and VHE bands, but it was minor or not significant at the other bands. The variability in optical polarization was also minor. These observations revealed an almost linear correlation between the X-ray flux at the 2–10 keV band and the VHE γ-ray flux above 200 GeV, consistent with the γ-rays being produced by inverse-Compton scattering in the Klein-Nishina regime in the framework of SSC models. The one-zone SSC model can describe the SED of each day for the 13 consecutive days reasonably well, which once more shows the success of this standard theoretical scenario to describe the SEDs of VHE BL Lacs such as Mrk 421. This flaring activity is also very well described by a two-zone SSC model, where one zone is responsible for the quiescent emission, while the other smaller zone, which is spatially separated from the first, contributes to the daily variable emission occurring at X-rays and VHE γ-rays. The second blob is assumed to have a smaller volume and a narrow electron energy distribution with 3 × 10^4<γ< 6 × 10^5, where γ is the Lorentz factor of the electrons. Such a two-zone scenario would naturally lead to the correlated variability at the X-ray and VHE bands without variability at the optical/UV band, as well as to shorter timescales for the variability at the X-ray and VHE bands with respect to the variability at the other bands. Conclusions. Both the one-zone and the two-zone SSC models can describe the daily SEDs via the variation of only four or five model parameters, under the hypothesis that the variability is associated mostly with the underlying particle population. This shows that the particle acceleration and cooling mechanism that produces the radiating particles might be the main mechanism responsible for the broadband SED variations during the flaring episodes in blazars. The two-zone SSC model provides a better agreement with the observed SED at the narrow peaks of the low- and high-energy bumps during the highest activity, although the reported one-zone SSC model could be further improved by varying the parameters related to the emitting region itself (δ, B and R), in addition to the parameters related to the particle population