Лапароскопические операции в неотложной детской абдоминальной хирургии

The article presents a literature review of pediatric abdominal surgical emergencies in the Russian Federation. The article considers the issues of the development of laparoscopic surgery in pediatrics, the current state of this problem in surgical hospitals, the difficulties associated with transition to minimally invasive surgical interventions, in providing emergency surgical care for children. The possible risks of laparoscopic access and methods for their reduction were analyzed. The advantages of this technique were specified in comparison with open surgical interventions. The reliable economic efficiency of the offered technique was demonstrated. The analysis of the literature sources showed that there was no consensus on laparoscopic treatment for complicated abdominal diseases after previous open repair; and there were also no clear algorithms in clinical practice for complete transition to laparoscopic surgery in children. The analysis revealed very few economic studies on the efficacy of laparoscopic interventions.В статье представлен обзор литературы по теме неотложной детской абдоминальной хирургии в Российской Федерации. Освещены вопросы развития лапароскопической хирургии в педиатрии, современное состояние данной проблемы в хирургических стационарах, сложности, связанные с переходом на выполнение малоинвазивных хирургических вмешательств, при оказании экстренной хирургической помощи детям. Проанализированы варианты возможных рисков при использовании лапароскопического доступа и способы их уменьшения, отмечены преимущества данной методики по сравнению с открытыми оперативными вмешательствами, продемонстрирована ее достоверная экономическая эффективность. Анализ литературных источников показал, что единого мнения по вопросам лапароскопического лечения при осложненных заболеваниях органов брюшной полости после ранее выполненных открытых вмешательств у хирургов не сложилось, также нет четких алгоритмов полного перехода клиники к хирургическому лечению детей лапароскопическим методом; недостаточно представлены экономические исследования эффективности лапароскопических вмешательств

The use of the psycho-pedagogical approach in regulatory diagnostics of physical readiness of the students’ youth

Based on the executed experiment, guidelines on introduction of the psycho-pedagogical approach in regulatory diagnostics of physical fitness of students are provided in the paper that, in our opinion, demonstrates the novelty of the approach to teaching disciplines “Physical culture” and “Applied physical culture”, and a departure from strictly regulated dogmatics, the impact of the classical system of physical and sports training of the students’ youth based on the diagnostic procedures in the attestation of students

Streaming ASR Encoder for Whisper-to-Speech Online Voice Conversion

Whispered speech is a quiet voice without vocalization. One of the common cases of using whispered speech is a technique that can help overcome stuttering. But whispered speech can be uncomfortable and difficult to understand in everyday communication. To address these problems, we propose a method of low-delayed whisper-to-speech voice conversion, which can be useful in real life communication of people with disordered speech. As part of our research, we study the impact of streaming Automatic Speech Recognition models on the quality of voice conversion, comparing different streaming models and methods for model adaptation to streaming settings, and showing the importance of using such models in cases of low-delayed voice conversion

Using the Rosenzweig frustration picture test in the study of coping behaviour in thesituation of uncertainty

The paper highlights the relation between the relevance of coping behaviour and increasing interest to phenomena of uncertainty. The reviewing of coping as complicated setting notion including several levels is offered. The relevance of studying conscious and unconscious levels of coping is validated. Using coping questionnaires’ deficit of prognosis validity and the relevancy of using projective methods that are effective and useful in diagnostics of coping’ unconscious components are discussed. Due to the changes in viewing difficult life situations’ range and focusing on subjective perception of difficulties, the frustration situations are reviewed as difficult daily life situations. The Rosenzweig Picture Frustration test could be used for diagnosing coping’ unconscious components that compose meaning set level and coping behaviour basis. The relations among personal characteristics (tolerance/intolerance to uncertainty, noetic orientations, personal anxiety, locus of control) and three types and three directions of subjects’ responses in test’ situations were examined, generalized linear models were used. The subjects of the research are 199 teachers from secondary schools of Russian Federation, mean age is 40.6 years old. The results showed significant relations between particular personal characteristics and types and directions of the responses: ego-defense type and tolerance to uncertainty, obstacle-dominance type and personal anxiety, intropunitive direction and personal anxiety, obstacledominance type and noetic orientations. The common discussion of current results and results obtained in previous studies demonstrates potential existence of mediating relations between particular coping strategies and types and directions of subjects’ responses in The Rosenzweig Picture Frustration test

Application of Fusion of Various Spontaneous Speech Analytics Methods for Improving Far-Field Neural-Based Diarization

Recently developed methods in spontaneous speech analytics require the use of speaker separation based on audio data, referred to as diarization. It is applied to widespread use cases, such as meeting transcription based on recordings from distant microphones and the extraction of the target speaker’s voice profiles from noisy audio. However, speech recognition and analysis can be hindered by background and point-source noise, overlapping speech, and reverberation, which all affect diarization quality in conjunction with each other. To compensate for the impact of these factors, there are a variety of supportive speech analytics methods, such as quality assessments in terms of SNR and RT60 reverberation time metrics, overlapping speech detection, instant speaker number estimation, etc. The improvements in speaker verification methods have benefits in the area of speaker separation as well. This paper introduces several approaches aimed towards improving diarization system quality. The presented experimental results demonstrate the possibility of refining initial speaker labels from neural-based VAD data by means of fusion with labels from quality estimation models, overlapping speech detectors, and speaker number estimation models, which contain CNN and LSTM modules. Such fusing approaches allow us to significantly decrease DER values compared to standalone VAD methods. Cases of ideal VAD labeling are utilized to show the positive impact of ResNet-101 neural networks on diarization quality in comparison with basic x-vectors and ECAPA-TDNN architectures trained on 8 kHz data. Moreover, this paper highlights the advantage of spectral clustering over other clustering methods applied to diarization. The overall quality of diarization is improved at all stages of the pipeline, and the combination of various speech analytics methods makes a significant contribution to the improvement of diarization quality

Application of Fusion of Various Spontaneous Speech Analytics Methods for Improving Far-Field Neural-Based Diarization

Recently developed methods in spontaneous speech analytics require the use of speaker separation based on audio data, referred to as diarization. It is applied to widespread use cases, such as meeting transcription based on recordings from distant microphones and the extraction of the target speaker’s voice profiles from noisy audio. However, speech recognition and analysis can be hindered by background and point-source noise, overlapping speech, and reverberation, which all affect diarization quality in conjunction with each other. To compensate for the impact of these factors, there are a variety of supportive speech analytics methods, such as quality assessments in terms of SNR and RT60 reverberation time metrics, overlapping speech detection, instant speaker number estimation, etc. The improvements in speaker verification methods have benefits in the area of speaker separation as well. This paper introduces several approaches aimed towards improving diarization system quality. The presented experimental results demonstrate the possibility of refining initial speaker labels from neural-based VAD data by means of fusion with labels from quality estimation models, overlapping speech detectors, and speaker number estimation models, which contain CNN and LSTM modules. Such fusing approaches allow us to significantly decrease DER values compared to standalone VAD methods. Cases of ideal VAD labeling are utilized to show the positive impact of ResNet-101 neural networks on diarization quality in comparison with basic x-vectors and ECAPA-TDNN architectures trained on 8 kHz data. Moreover, this paper highlights the advantage of spectral clustering over other clustering methods applied to diarization. The overall quality of diarization is improved at all stages of the pipeline, and the combination of various speech analytics methods makes a significant contribution to the improvement of diarization quality