32 research outputs found

    Reciprocal transformations of Hamiltonian operators of hydrodynamic type: nonlocal Hamiltonian formalism for linearly degenerate systems

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    Reciprocal transformations of Hamiltonian operators of hydrodynamic type are investigated. The transformed operators are generally nonlocal, possessing a number of remarkable algebraic and differential-geometric properties. We apply our results to linearly degenerate semi-Hamiltonian systems in Riemann invariants. Since all such systems are linearizable by appropriate (generalized) reciprocal transformations, our formulae provide an infinity of mutually compatible nonlocal Hamiltonian structures, explicitly parametrized by arbitrary functions of one variable.Comment: 26 page

    Weakly-nonlocal Symplectic Structures, Whitham method, and weakly-nonlocal Symplectic Structures of Hydrodynamic Type

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    We consider the special type of the field-theoretical Symplectic structures called weakly nonlocal. The structures of this type are in particular very common for the integrable systems like KdV or NLS. We introduce here the special class of the weakly nonlocal Symplectic structures which we call the weakly nonlocal Symplectic structures of Hydrodynamic Type. We investigate then the connection of such structures with the Whitham averaging method and propose the procedure of "averaging" of the weakly nonlocal Symplectic structures. The averaging procedure gives the weakly nonlocal Symplectic Structure of Hydrodynamic Type for the corresponding Whitham system. The procedure gives also the "action variables" corresponding to the wave numbers of mm-phase solutions of initial system which give the additional conservation laws for the Whitham system.Comment: 64 pages, Late

    An analysis of radical cystectomy results in cases of muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer

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    Aim: to analyze the results of the surgical treatment of patients with muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer. Materials and methods: Analysis of the treatment results of 296 patients with muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer who have had the radical cystectomy with intestineplasty variant. Results: The implementation of a developed therapeutic approach have allowed to reduce the number of cases of post-surgery complications. Conclusion: The results of work have allowed to improve treatment results of patients with urinary bladder cancer.Цель: Оценка результатов хирургического лечения больных мышечно-инвазивным раком мочевого пузыря. Материалы и методы: Анализ результатов лечения 296 пациентов с мышечно-инвазивным раком мочевого пузыря, которым выполнена радикальная цистзктомия с вариантом кишечной пластики. Результаты: Применение разработанной тактики лечения, позволило снизить количество послеоперационных осложнений. Заключение: Результаты работы позволили улучшить результаты лечения больных раком мочевого пузыря

    МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ МАРКЕРЫ ПРОГНОЗА ПРИ РАКЕ МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ

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    Bladder cancer (BC) remains a current problem in oncourology. Despite that bladder cancer risk factors have been studied and described in the literature, new molecular and genetic mechanisms have been identified that predisposes to the disease development. There are numerous cellular processes involve in BC pathogenesis. The less-aggressive, non-invasive slow progressing bladder cancer types are defined by Ras-MAPK system activation. Tumors that are more aggressive and have low cancer-specific survival rate are characterized by changes in retinoblastoma genes and p53. Attempts are made to develop prognostic tests to predict tumor behavior, targeted treatment. perspectively, BC patients will be treated using molecular genetic markers allowing the accurate prediction of the patient’s tumor behavior and fitting the treatment tactics on the individual basis.Рак мочевого пузыря (РМП) остается актуальной проблемой онкоурологии. Несмотря на то, что факторы риска РМП изучены и описаны в литературе, выявляются новые молекулярно-генетические механизмы, предрасполагающие к развитию заболевания. В патогенез РМП вовлечено множество клеточных процессов. Менее агрессивные, неинвазивные, медленно прогрессирующие формы РМП характеризуются активацией системы Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-MAPK). Более агрессивные опухоли с низкой раковоспецифической выживаемостью, характеризуются изменениями в генах ретинобластомы и p53. Предпринимаются попытки разработать прогностические тесты, предсказывающие развитие опухоли, выбор тактики лечения. В перспективе в лечении пациентов РМП будут использоваться молекулярно-генетические маркеры, позволяющие достоверно предсказать поведение опухоли у пациента и выбрать индивидуальную тактику лечения

    Dark Energy from Mass Varying Neutrinos

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    We show that mass varying neutrinos (MaVaNs) can behave as a negative pressure fluid which could be the origin of the cosmic acceleration. We derive a model independent relation between the neutrino mass and the equation of state parameter of the neutrino dark energy, which is applicable for general theories of mass varying particles. The neutrino mass depends on the local neutrino density and the observed neutrino mass can exceed the cosmological bound on a constant neutrino mass. We discuss microscopic realizations of the MaVaN acceleration scenario, which involve a sterile neutrino. We consider naturalness constraints for mass varying particles, and find that both ev cutoffs and ev mass particles are needed to avoid fine-tuning. These considerations give a (current) mass of order an eV for the sterile neutrino in microscopic realizations, which could be detectable at MiniBooNE. Because the sterile neutrino was much heavier at earlier times, constraints from big bang nucleosynthesis on additional states are not problematic. We consider regions of high neutrino density and find that the most likely place today to find neutrino masses which are significantly different from the neutrino masses in our solar system is in a supernova. The possibility of different neutrino mass in different regions of the galaxy and the local group could be significant for Z-burst models of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We also consider the cosmology of and the constraints on the ``acceleron'', the scalar field which is responsible for the varying neutrino mass, and briefly discuss neutrino density dependent variations in other constants, such as the fine structure constant.Comment: 26 pages, 3 figures, refs added, typos corrected, comment added about possible matter effect

    MOLECULAR PROGNOSTIC MARKERS OF URINE BLADDER CANCER

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    Bladder cancer (BC) remains a current problem in oncourology. Despite that bladder cancer risk factors have been studied and described in the literature, new molecular and genetic mechanisms have been identified that predisposes to the disease development. There are numerous cellular processes involve in BC pathogenesis. The less-aggressive, non-invasive slow progressing bladder cancer types are defined by Ras-MAPK system activation. Tumors that are more aggressive and have low cancer-specific survival rate are characterized by changes in retinoblastoma genes and p53. Attempts are made to develop prognostic tests to predict tumor behavior, targeted treatment. perspectively, BC patients will be treated using molecular genetic markers allowing the accurate prediction of the patient’s tumor behavior and fitting the treatment tactics on the individual basis.</p

    PROGNOSTIC MARKERS OF URINARY BLADDER CANCER RECURRENCE AND LYMPHATIC SPREAD

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    <p><em>Treatment results (2005-2009) for patients with surface (n = 104) and invasive (n = 104) urinary bladder carcinoma were analyzed. Molecular genetic analysis of cytochrome gene P450 polymorphous locus carried out: CYP1</em><em>А</em><em>1 (A2455G), </em><em>С</em><em>YP1A2 (T-2464delT), Glutathione S-transferase: GSTM1 (del), GSTP1 (A313G); DNA reparation: XRCC1 (G28152A) for patients with surface urine bladder carcinoma recurrence, which took place within a year, and for patients with surface urine bladder carcinoma without recurrence within a year. Genotypes associated with surface urine bladder carcinoma one-year recurrence were identified. Furthermore, analysis of these genes polymorphous locsus of patients with invasive urine bladder carcinoma with and without lymphogenic metastases was carried out. Genotypes associated with lyphogenic metastasis risk were identified.</em></p
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