ANALYSIS OF THE PROVIDER POTENTIAL OF А TRADING NETWORK

Providers, as one of the basic elements of external microenvironment of an enterprise, greatly influence the activity of a trade network. In the general understanding the basic competitive edges of commodities which are offered by a network to the buyers depend on them. Determination and using of the providers' potential will allow a trade enterprise to raise the efficiency of its major activity, to create and support the desired competitive position. Scientific works of many Ukrainian and foreign authors are devoted to the problems of choice of providers and management of interaction with providers, but none of them examines the concept and structure of provider's potential of an enterprise and does not offer a methodical approach to its estimation. Methods offered by the authors only aim to justify the choice of providers and do not disclose all the elements of interaction of an enterprise and a provider, and do not take into account the features of organization and management of deliveries in a trade network. The major purposes of this article are to determine the features of co-operation with providers in trade networks, to justify the structure of providers' potential of trade networks, to develop methods of calculation of a combined providers' potential of a trade network. The analysis of management of interaction with providers at enterprises trading foodstuffs makes it possible to reveal the features of management of supplies in trade networks: firstly, trade networks use an automated system SRM to control co-operation with providers; secondly, each trade network has its own trademarks of food; thirdly, co-operation with providers ensures trade networks an additional trade profit from publicity and merchandising; fourthly, supplying with foodstuffs is carried out one time or two times a week on preliminary orders; the terms of delivery provide supply of products at the cost of a supplier and payment on delivery; fifthly, trade networks conduct a competition between providers on tender basis; sixthly, co-operation with providers implies penal sanctions against providers for any violation of delivery dates, quality or assortment and penal sanctions against a shop for nonavailability of a commodity in the proper place on the trading floor; seventhly, contracts with suppliers provide the return of a commodity with expiring dates. The article justifies the structure of providers' potential which includes economic and administrative components, provides a method of calculation of elements of providers' potential and cumulative providers' potential of a trade network and a coefficient of its use. To approbate the method, the providers' potential and a coefficient of its application was calculated for three leading networks trading in foodstuffs in Donetsk region

Equilibrium configurations of two charged masses in General Relativity

An asymptotically flat static solution of Einstein-Maxwell equations which describes the field of two non-extreme Reissner - Nordstr\"om sources in equilibrium is presented. It is expressed in terms of physical parameters of the sources (their masses, charges and separating distance). Very simple analytical forms were found for the solution as well as for the equilibrium condition which guarantees the absence of any struts on the symmetry axis. This condition shows that the equilibrium is not possible for two black holes or for two naked singularities. However, in the case when one of the sources is a black hole and another one is a naked singularity, the equilibrium is possible at some distance separating the sources. It is interesting that for appropriately chosen parameters even a Schwarzschild black hole together with a naked singularity can be "suspended" freely in the superposition of their fields.Comment: 4 pages; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Braided Cyclic Cocycles and Non-Associative Geometry

We use monoidal category methods to study the noncommutative geometry of nonassociative algebras obtained by a Drinfeld-type cochain twist. These are the so-called quasialgebras and include the octonions as braided-commutative but nonassociative coordinate rings, as well as quasialgebra versions \CC_{q}(G) of the standard q-deformation quantum groups. We introduce the notion of ribbon algebras in the category, which are algebras equipped with a suitable generalised automorphism $\sigma$, and obtain the required generalisation of cyclic cohomology. We show that this \emph{braided cyclic cocohomology} is invariant under a cochain twist. We also extend to our generalisation the relation between cyclic cohomology and differential calculus on the ribbon quasialgebra. The paper includes differential calculus and cyclic cocycles on the octonions as a finite nonassociative geometry, as well as the algebraic noncommutative torus as an associative example.Comment: 36 pages latex, 9 figure