Preventive medical examinations of students in the system of early detection of illegal use of psychoactive substances

Non-medical substance use is a risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases. Improving the prevention of sub-stance use disorders is an important area of public health action. In Russia, an anti-drug policy is being implemented, one of the directions of which is the prevention of addiction among students. Purpose of the study. To perform a comparative analysis of the results of preventive medical examinations of students conducted in Russia and Moscow in order to early identify the illegal use of psychoactive substances. Develop proposals for the prevention of non-communicable diseases based on the results of the analysis. Material and methods. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of data obtained from federal statistical observation forms No. 37. Within the framework of this study, statistical methods were used: Comparative statistical analysis of data, increase in indicators, structure of identified psychoactive substances; legal and regulatory analysis of documentation; content analysis of literature data. The database was created and data was analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2016. Results. During the studied period of time in Russia and Moscow, there was a decrease in the number of students participating in preventive medical examinations, while schoolchildren prevailed in the structure of participants. The facts of the illegal use of psychoactive substances were revealed mainly in secondary vocational educational organizations. The proportion of students who illegally used psychoactive substances did not exceed 1% of the total number of those surveyed. Differences in the structure of identified psychoactive substances illegally used by students in Russia and Moscow were determined. Conclusion. Preventive medical examinations of students occupy an important place in the system of early detection of illegal use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. At the same time, they act as a practical tool for preventing the development of non-communicable diseases. In the course of the study, a number of necessary measures were identified: Differentiation of students by risk groups; increasing the coverage of students of higher educational institutions with preventive medical examinations; inclusion in the procedure of preventive medical examination of the elements of formation of motivation for adherence to a healthy lifestyle. © 2022, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved

Surgical management of combined hepatic injuries

У статті узагальнено досвід хірургічного лікування пошкоджень печінки протягом 1983-1999 р.р. Наведені результати лікування 126 хворих: 87 із відкритими пошкодженнями і 39 із закритою тупою травмою живота. Всі хворі оперовані: у 69 випадках виконана реінфузія автокрові, об’єм крововтрати в середньому становив 2,1 л, об’єм реінфузованої крові – близько 1,2 л. В основному виконувалось ушивання ран печінки, у деяких випадках із використанням шовних матеріалів типу DEXON на атравматичних голках. Автори відмовились від тампонади ран печінки пасмом великого чепця, вважаючи за необхідне альтернативне дренування глибоких ран печінки латексними дренажами. Доцільно використання гіпербаричної оксигенації в ранньому післяопераційному періоді з внутрішньопортальним введенням антибіотиків та гепатопротекторів.The expirience of the surgical treatment of hepatic injuries over a period from 1983 through 1999 has been generalised. The results of the treatment of 126 patients are presented. Out of the overall number 87 were with open injuries and 37 were with close blunt injury of the abdomen. All the patients were operated, reinfusion of autologus blood having been performed in 69 cases, the blood loss being 2:1 l on the average, the volume of reinfused blood being 1:2 on the average. In the main we performed suturing of the hepatic wounds, in some cases using the suture material DEXON type on atraumatic needles. The authors refused from hepatic wound tamponade by means of a flap of large omentum and considered it necessary to carry out alternative drainage of deep hepatic wounds using latex drains. The use of hyperbaric oxygenation is considered to be expident at an early stage of the postoperative period with intraportal administration of antibiotics and hepatoprotectors