Phytosanitary features of pea morphotypes under the conditions of the Tyumen region

The selection material and finished varieties of peas for sowing different morphotypes of the grain direction were assessed for the formation of a phytosanitary state and productivity, and the effectiveness of protection methods. During the growing season, leaf and stem diseases were observed with varying degrees of development and timing of manifestation (p. Ascochyta, p. Uromyces, p. Erysiphe communis G) with development depending on the year and genus of the pathogen from 0.2-40%. The development of the river. Ascochyta - 10-20%, r. Erysiphe - 11-49%, p. Uromyces - 0.2-20%. Some resistance was determined in 22% of varieties p. Erysiphe communis G., 11% p. Ascochyta and 14% p. Uromyces. The yield for the period of study of pea varieties of the sowing grain direction varied from 3.2 to 4.6 t/ha, stable yields in the morphogroup chameleon with an increase of 0.64 t/ha or 17% to the standard. Protection of peas requires mandatory pre-sowing treatment with a chemical disinfectant, a biological preparation with the inclusion of an agrochemical in the mixture, which contributes to the development of the root system, activation of growth vigor, and a 70-90% reduction in pathogenic fungi on seeds and roots. Fungicidal protection in the budding phase - the formation of beans contributed to the preservation of the crop by 0.3-0.4 t/ha

Фагорезистентность условно-патогенных бактерий кишечной микробиоты у детей с нарушениями микробиоценоза

Objective: to study the circulation and prevalence of phage-resistant strains among opportunistic enterobacteria, isolated from children with disorders of intestinal microflora, in relation to domestic preparations of bacteriophages.Materials and methods. A bacteriological study of the fecal microflora of the colon in 970 young children for dysbiosis was carried out. The sensitivity of 720 antibiotic-resistant strains of opportunistic enterobacteriaceae (S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci) isolated from children to domestic mono- and polyvalent drugs was studied (coliprotein, staphylococcal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, purified Klebsiella pneumonia bacteriophage, “Sextafag”, Intesta bacteriophage). Determination of sensitivity to bacteriophages was carried out by the “sterile spot” method. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software package.Results. A large percentage of phage-resistant strains with low sensitivity to bacteriophages was revealed among opportunistic bacteria, amounting to 54,2%, with the highest circulation among coagulase-negative staphylococci, Proteus, Klebsiella (more than 50%). A significant spread of intestinal dysbiosis was established in young children (87,5%), characterized by a low content of bifidobacteria and a high level of allocation of opportunistic enterobacteria, including in associations.Conclusion. As a result of the studies, a significant prevalence of phage-resistant strains in children with dysbiosis was revealed, which indicates the need for preliminary determination of their sensitivity to bacteriophages in order to resolve the issue of their possible inclusion in the intestinal microflora correction system.Цель: изучение циркуляции и распространенности фагорезистентных штаммов среди условно-патогенных энтеробактерий, выделенных от детей с нарушениями микрофлоры кишечника, по отношению к отечественным препаратам бактериофагов.Материалы и методы. Проведено бактериологическое исследование фекальной микрофлоры толстой кишки у 970 детей раннего возраста на дисбактериоз. Изучена чувствительность 720 антибиотикорезистентных штаммов условно-патогенных энтеробактерий (S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis и P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, коагулазоотрицательных стафилококков), выделенных от детей, к отечественным монои поливалентным препаратам бактериофагов (колипротейный, стафилококковый, синегнойный, бактериофаг клебсиелл пневмония очищенный, «Секстафаг», интести-бактериофаг). Определение чувствительности к бактериофагам проводили методом «стерильного пятна». Чувствительность к антибиотикам определяли диско-диффузионным методом. Статистическая обработка результатов осуществлялась при помощи пакета программ Microsoft Office Excel 2007.Результаты. Выявлен большой процент фагорезистентных и с низкой чувствительностью к бактериофагам штаммов среди условно-патогенных бактерий (54,2%) с наибольшей циркуляцией среди коагулазоотрицательных стафилококков, протеев, клебсиелл (более 50%). Установлено значительное распространение кишечных дисбиозов у детей раннего возраста (87,5%), характеризующихся низким содержанием бифидобактерий и высоким уровнем выделения условно-патогенных энтеробактерий, в том числе в ассоциациях.Заключение. В результате проведенных исследований выявлена значительная распространенность фагорезистентных штаммов у детей с дисбиозами, что свидетельствует о необходимости предварительного определения их чувствительности к бактериофагам для решения вопроса о возможном включении последних в систему коррекции микрофлоры кишечника

Phytosanitary features of pea morphotypes under the conditions of the Tyumen region

The selection material and finished varieties of peas for sowing different morphotypes of the grain direction were assessed for the formation of a phytosanitary state and productivity, and the effectiveness of protection methods. During the growing season, leaf and stem diseases were observed with varying degrees of development and timing of manifestation (p. Ascochyta, p. Uromyces, p. Erysiphe communis G) with development depending on the year and genus of the pathogen from 0.2-40%. The development of the river. Ascochyta - 10-20%, r. Erysiphe - 11-49%, p. Uromyces - 0.2-20%. Some resistance was determined in 22% of varieties p. Erysiphe communis G., 11% p. Ascochyta and 14% p. Uromyces. The yield for the period of study of pea varieties of the sowing grain direction varied from 3.2 to 4.6 t/ha, stable yields in the morphogroup chameleon with an increase of 0.64 t/ha or 17% to the standard. Protection of peas requires mandatory pre-sowing treatment with a chemical disinfectant, a biological preparation with the inclusion of an agrochemical in the mixture, which contributes to the development of the root system, activation of growth vigor, and a 70-90% reduction in pathogenic fungi on seeds and roots. Fungicidal protection in the budding phase - the formation of beans contributed to the preservation of the crop by 0.3-0.4 t/ha