Mental health issues during pregnancy - overview of the current knowledge

Depressive disorders of antenatal and postnatal period are diagnostic challenge, as well as increasingly frequent social problem. Incidence of antenatal depression varies from 10% to 16%. Around one third of all postpartum depression cases has its beginning during the antenatal period. From the beginning of 2019, Ministry of Health’s regulations specified for the first time the recommendation to perform screening of depressive symptoms - twice during the pregnancy and once during the perinatal period, defined as the first six weeks after the delivery. Therefore the review of current studies in the subject of mental health issues during pregnancy was conducted in order to establish possible risk factors

Impact Of Physical Activity And Health Education On The Development Of Depression

Depression is a common mental health disorder that affects the majority of the population. The exact cause of depression is not fully understood, but various factors such as genetics, environmental stressors, and psychological factors are believed to play a role. Due to the complexity of the etiopathogenesis of depression, the selection of appropriate therapeutic management is sometimes complicated. Treatment for depression typically involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Antidepressant medication can help alleviate symptoms by regulating neurotransmitters in the brain, while psychotherapy can help individuals understand and change negative thoughts and behaviors. Physical activity, such as sport, has been shown to have a positive impact on mental health and can help alleviate symptoms of depression. Exercise releases endorphins, reducing stress and improving mood. Health education can also play a role in preventing and managing depression by raising awareness, reducing stigma, and teaching individuals coping skills to maintain good mental health.     &nbsp

The impact of physical activity, diet and stress on acne vulgaris. Pathogenesis and therapeutic procedures

Introduction Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease that affects the majority of the population. Concepts on the pathogenesis of this disease have been changing over the years, as evidenced by the current indication of the precedence of inflammatory or immunological processes over disorders of keratinization of the outlets of hair and sebaceous units during the formation of acne lesions. Due to the complexity of the etiopathogenesis of acne vulgaris, the selection of appropriate therapeutic management is sometimes complicated. In addition, the process of treating the disease is multifaceted and time-consuming. Purpose The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on the effects of physical activity, diet and stress on acne vulgaris, as well as on the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and the therapeutic management of patients suffering from this disease. Methods Literature was searched in PubMed and Google Scholarship databases. Publicly available books were searched. Results There is a proven precedence of inflammatory or immune processes over disorders of the keratinization of the estuaries of hair and sebaceous units during the formation of acne lesions. Conclusions Specialists should delve into the mechanism of the problem visible on the patient's skin to effectively and permanently cure the disease.    

Cystic fibrosis - Ways to improve the quality of life of patients

Introduction  Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a serious, multi-system disease. In the Caucasian population CF is the most common autosomal recessive disease, which happens for 1 person in 3,500 births [1]. In the course of CF, there is a dysfunction of many organs, mainly the respiratory and digestive systems. Symptomatic treatment of cystic fibrosis is very important. The change in daily eating habits, the use of proper breathing techniques and psychotherapy also have an impact on improving the quality of life of patients. In the past patients died at a young age. The progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cystic fibrosis has meant that nowadays more and more people are reaching adulthood. In recent years, the median survival of patients has increased to 46.2 years. [2] Purpose The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge about ways to improve the quality and length of life of patients with CF. Methods The literature available in the Pubmed and Google Scholarship databases was reviewed using key phrases. Results Additional methods of treatment, such as: learning the correct breathing technique, oxygen therapy, physical exercise or proper nutrition, significantly improve the living conditions of patients

Does excessive alcohol consumption contribute to the development of anxiety disorder?

Introduction Over past decades the number of patients suffering from psychiatric disorders all around the world is constantly increasing. Thank to general awareness and less stigmatization people seek for specialist’s help more willingly. Recently, one of the most common diagnoses has been anxiety disorder and many of them also tend to abuse alcohol. So far, scientists have focused mostly on alcoholism as a consequence of anxiety disorder, due to patients’ predilection to addictions. However, ethanol can also trigger anxiety itself. Aim of the study The aim of this study is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of alcohol in anxiety disorder development and its pathomechanisms. Material and methods This article is based on available publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. Conclusions Excessive alcohol consumption may lead to the development of anxiety disorder in some patients, as well as, many other psychiatric disturbances. However, further research must be done to find out precise pathomechanism responsible for those states

Gluten-free diet - opportunities and limitations

Objective  The aim of the study was to indicate the difficulties associated with gluten-free diet and the point of its use by people without medical indications. Another important aspect of the article was to analyze the impact of this diet on the course of chronic diseases.  Methods  For the purposes of writing this article, the available literature was reviewed. Using keywords such as gluten, gluten-free, or diet, the database of medical publications - PubMed was searched.  Results: The popularity of the gluten-free diet is growing. The reason for this is increased interest in health lifestyle and nutrition as well as the influence of the mass media. Because of that, the number of people on a gluten-free diet without medical indications is increasing. Following a gluten-free diet is associated with many difficulties. Gluten-free products are much more expensive and less available than their gluten-containing counterparts. It is associated with many obstacles in everyday life. An important aspect is also the imbalance of supplied nutrients and the risk of macro and micronutrient deficiencies, such as magnesium, zinc or selenium, as a result of the gluten-free diet. With the increasing popularity of the gluten-free diet, there are more and more studies on the potential benefits of its use in chronic diseases.  Conclusion: A gluten-free diet remains the only therapeutic option in the course of diseases such as celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity or wheat allergy. Due to the insufficient amount of data, its use is not recommended in the course of other chronic diseases and in the population of people without medical indications.&nbsp

The Influence of social media on developing body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders

INTRODUCTION Social media platforms are commonly used worldwide, affecting every-day living of billions of people. It may impacts both self-esteem and self-evaluation of its users. Formed by social influence, the ideal beauty standards lead to an unhealthy comparison, need of external validation and pursuit of ideal appearance. Induced body image dissatisfaction could be the cause of many different eating disorders or rigorous exercises. Promoted by media, ideal body-image creates unhealthy focus on BMI, weight and shape of one’s own body. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to present the current state of knowledge on the impact of social media on evolving dissatisfaction with body image, followed by eating disorders. METHODS For the purposes of writing this article, the available literature was reviewed. The database of medical publications – PubMed database and publicly available books was searched, using keywords such as social media and body image disorders, eating disorders. RESULTS According to reviewed studies, spending more time on following social media intensifies body image disorders among both young women and men, as a result of negative upward comparison of their external appearance. A problematic social media use, passive and focused on image-related platforms, heightens a risk of developing a self-dissatisfaction and body concerns. Disordered eating behaviors are significantly connected to a frequent use of an image-related social media platforms. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining a healthy relationships with peers and parents protects self-esteem of adolescents and lowers the risk of body-image and eating disorders. A greater focus should be put on educating young people about their value, self-assessment and healthy relations

Does a gluten-free diet result in nutritional deficiencies? – a review of literature

Introduction and purpose: Gluten-free diet have gained immense popularity in recent years, both as a treatment for coeliac disease and as a lifestyle choice for those who believe it is healthier. However, concerns have been raised about potential nutrient inadequacies resulting from the elimination of gluten-containing grains. The purpose of this review is to assess the state of knowledge regarding the impact of a gluten-free diet on nutritional status. Materials and methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using electronic database PubMed to identify relevant studies published between 1999 and 2022. Keywords such as "gluten-free diet" and "nutritional deficiencies" were used in combination with Boolean operators to refine the search. A brief description of the state of knowledge: Analysis of studies revealed that individuals adhering to a gluten-free diet may be at risk of nutritional deficiencies including micronutrients such as vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B complex along with minerals, in particular iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium as well as fibre. Furthermore, higher levels of fat and sugar were observed in the composition of gluten-free products. Conclusions: Based on the current body of literature, it is evident that a gluten-free diet results in certain nutritional deficiencies. Individuals following gluten-free diet should be aware of potential risks and take appropriate measures to ensure a well-balanced and nutrient-rich diet. Nutritional guidance should be provided to individuals to address specific nutrient deficiencies associated with a gluten-free diet

Nutrients deficiencies in patients with autism spectrum disorder, role of folic acid and vitamin D3 - review of literature

Introduction and purpose: This article will discuss the relationship between nutrition deficiency, focusing on folic acid and vitamin D3 and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research suggests that nutrient deficiencies play a role in the development and progression of autism. This article will investigate causes of nutrient deficiencies in ASD, like dietary constraints, food choice, and environment exposure, and their impact on ASD and related symptoms. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the research examining the relationship between folic acid and vitamin d3 supplementation and autism. Materials and methods: A broad search was conducted using the PubMed database in order to identify relevant studies published between 2010-2020 using keywords such as “folic acid”, “folinic acid”, "vitamin d3", "autism spectrum disorder". A brief description of the current state of knowledge: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that in recent years has been increasingly diagnosed among children. Only between 2016 and 2014 measured prevalence in the United States has increased by 10%. [1] The exact etiology of ASD in not known. In this review we will examine a role of folic acid and vitamin D3. Research suggests that folic acid supplements can help improve verbal skills in people with ASD. Research also shows decreased levels of vitamin d3 in ASD patients. Clinical trials involving vitamin d3 present inconclusive data but lean towards positive impact of supplementation. Both folic acid and vitamin d3 supplementation is safe. Dietary changes and oral supplementation may be beneficial for patients. Conclusions: Studies with larger participant numbers should be done to prove the significance of folic acid and vitamin D3 supplementation as it shows potential in being a safe and not expensive complementary therapeutic option

Depression - the first symptom of a brain tumor or a consequence of the process neoplastic process - a review of the literature

Introduction and objective CNS malignancies account for about 1.6% of all diseases today. In people diagnosed with abrain tumor with a poor prognosis, we often see disorders from the psychiatric spectrum,most often depressive disorders. In this paper, we want to focus on whether depression occursas a sequel to cancer or perhaps is the first of the symptoms of a CNS tumor. Review methods For the analysis, the PubMed medical database was searched, and articles containing studiesand case reports of people with CNS tumor and depressive disorders that occurred eitherbefore diagnosis or at any time during the course of the disease were selected Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge CNS tumors produce symptoms such as epilepsy, visual disturbances, paresis, but alsobehavioral disorders. This is determined by the location of the tumor. Depression is a mentaldisorder manifested mainly by lowered mood. This disorder can coexist with tumorsoccurring in the frontal lobe or be present regardless of the location of the tumor, in peoplediagnosed with a tumor with a poor prognosis. Summary Analyzing the selected articles, we see that in people who were diagnosed with a tumorlocated in the frontal lobe, often the first symptom was depressive disorders, which evenpreceded neurological symptoms. When depression is diagnosed, appearing suddenly andrefractory to treatment, one should consider whether there is an underlying pathologicallesion in the CNS. Unfortunately, there are no specific guidelines for imaging studies indepressive disorders. People who suffer from malignant tumors with a poor prognosis shouldbe cared for by a psychologist, because as the disease progresses, the symptoms worsen,affecting the prognosis