Dietary intake and body composition associated with metabolic syndrome in university students / Ingesta alimentaria y composición corporal asociadas a síndrome metabólico en estudiantes universitarios

Abstract The objective of this study was to know the relationship between dietary intake (DI) and body composition (BC) with the metabolic syndrome (MS) among university students. A total of 50 students (56% female) among 19 and 25 years of age (M = 20.58, SD = 1.86), completed a questionnaire aimed at assessing DI, in addition biochemical and BC parameters were collected. According to the percentage of body fat (BF), a high prevalence of overweight (22%) and obesity (38%) was identified. In addition, visceral fat increased as the BF increased. In both sexes, there was a low consumption of carbohydrates and high in lipids, mostly of animal fat as well as high consumption of saturated fats, but low omegas 3 y 6. The MS was identified in 20% of the sample, mainly in women. The most frequently risk criteria were low levels of HDL cholesterol, followed by abdominal obesity; whereas the most frequent dyslipidemia was hypertriglyceridemia. In this study, although no direct relationship was found between DI and MS, it was found between MS and BC indicators. It is imminent the need to implement strategies that allow university students to acquire healthy eating and physical activity habits. Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la relación de la ingesta alimentaria (IA) y la composición corporal (CMC) con el síndrome metabólico (SM) entre estudiantes universitarios. Participaron 50 alumnos (56% mujeres) de entre 19 y 25 años de edad (M = 20.58, DE = 1.86), quienes completaron un cuestionario dirigido a evaluar IA, además se recabaron parámetros bioquímicos y de CMC. De acuerdo con el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PG), se identificó una alta ocurrencia de sobrepeso (22%) y obesidad (38%). Además, la grasa visceral incrementó conforme aumentó el PG. En ambos sexos existió un consumo bajo de hidratos de carbono y alto en lípidos, mayormente de origen animal, así como alto consumo de grasas saturadas, pero bajo de omegas 3 y 6. El SM fue identificado en 20% de la muestra, principalmente mujeres. El criterio de riesgo más frecuente fueron bajos niveles séricos de colesterol HDL, seguido de la obesidad abdominal; en tanto que la dislipidemia más frecuente fue la hipertrigliceridemia. En este estudio, aunque no se encontró relación directa entre IA y SM, si de éste con indicadores de CMC. Resulta inminente la necesidad de implementar estrategias que permitan a los estudiantes universitarios adquirir hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física saludables

Interaction microenvironment - Pantoea agglomerans limits maize yield

Pantoea agglomerans has been reported as the cause of chlorotic streaks on maize leaves in the Central High Valleys of México (CVHM), but there are no current data of how the infection of this new pathogen in Mexico affects production and yield of the crop. To understand the development of the disease in the crop, two experiments with a split-plot design and three replications were established during spring-summer 2010 in different microenvironments: Ayapango and Temamatla. Three cultivars of maize (a tri-linear HS2 hybrid, the single-cross hybrid Triunfo and the native Cacahuacintle) were evaluated with three P. agglomerans isolates. In the three maize cultivars, chlorotic streaks appeared on new leaves; at the ripening stage, the symptoms were less perceptible. The average incidence of plants with chlorotic streaks was higher in the town of Temamatla than in Ayapango, and in both microenvironments, the average degree of severity was less than 40%. Isolate A was the most virulent (P < 0.0001) on the three cultivars evaluated. These results will provide the basis for effective management of the disease under environmental conditions similar to those evaluated in this research

Dietary intake and body composition associated with metabolic syndrome in university students / Ingesta alimentaria y composición corporal asociadas a síndrome metabólico en estudiantes universitarios

The objective of this study was to know the relationship between dietary intake (DI) and body composition (BC) with the metabolic syndrome (MS) among university students. A total of 50 students (56% female) among 19 and 25 years of age (M = 20.58, SD = 1.86), completed a questionnaire aimed at assessing DI, in addition biochemical and BC parameters were collected. According to the percentage of body fat (BF), a high prevalence of overweight (22%) and obesity (38%) was identified. In addition, visceral fat increased as the BF increased. In both sexes, there was a low consumption of carbohydrates and high in lipids, mostly of animal fat as well as high consumption of saturated fats, but low omegas 3 y 6. The MS was identified in 20% of the sample, mainly in women. The most frequently risk criteria were low levels of HDL cholesterol, followed by abdominal obesity; whereas the most frequent dyslipidemia was hypertriglyceridemia. In this study, although no direct relationship was found between DI and MS, it was found between MS and BC indicators. It is imminent the need to implement strategies that allow university students to acquire healthy eating and physical activity habitsEl objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la relación de la ingesta alimentaria (IA) y la composición corporal (CMC) con el síndrome metabólico (SM) entre estudiantes universitarios. Participaron 50 alumnos (56% mujeres) de entre 19 y 25 años de edad (M = 20.58, DE = 1.86), quienes completaron un cuestionario dirigido a evaluar IA, además se recabaron parámetros bioquímicos y de CMC. De acuerdo con el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PG), se identificó una alta ocurrencia de sobrepeso (22%) y obesidad (38%). Además, la grasa visceral incrementó conforme aumentó el PG. En ambos sexos existió un consumo bajo de hidratos de carbono y alto en lípidos, mayormente de origen animal, así como alto consumo de grasas saturadas, pero bajo de omegas 3 y 6. El SM fue identificado en 20% de la muestra, principalmente mujeres. El criterio de riesgo más frecuente fue los bajos niveles séricos de colesterol HDL, seguido de la obesidad abdominal; en tanto que la dislipidemia más frecuente fue la hipertrigliceridemia. En este estudio, aunque no se encontró relación directa entre IA y SM, si de éste con indicadores de CMC. Resulta inminente la necesidad de implementar estrategias que permitan a los estudiantes universitarios adquirir hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física saludable

Genomic and Biochemical Characterization of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum JCLA3 Isolated from Human Intestine

Bifidobacteria have been investigated due to their mutualistic microbe&ndash;host interaction with humans throughout their life. This work aims to make a biochemical and genomic characterization of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum JCLA3. By multilocus analysis, the species of B. pseudocatenulatum JCLA3 was established as pseudocatenulatum. It contains one circular genome of 2,369,863 bp with G + C content of 56.6%, no plasmids, 1937 CDSs, 54 tRNAs, 16 rRNAs, 1 tmRNA, 1 CRISPR region, and 401 operons predicted, including a CRISPR-Cas operon; it encodes an extensive number of enzymes, which allows it to utilize different carbohydrates. The ack gene was found as part of an operon formed by xfp and pta genes. Two genes of ldh were found at different positions. Chromosomally encoded resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin, non-hemolytic activity, and moderate inhibition of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 were demonstrated by B. pseudocatenulatum JCLA3; it can survive 100% in simulated saliva, can tolerate primary and secondary glyco- or tauro-conjugated bile salts but not in a mix of bile; the strain did not survive at pH 1.5&ndash;5. The cbh gene coding to choloylglycine hydrolase was identified in its genome, which could be related to the ability to deconjugate secondary bile salts. Intact cells showed twice as much antioxidant activity than debris. B. pseudocatenulatum JCLA3 showed 49% of adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The genome and biochemical analysis help to elucidate further possible biotechnological applications of B. pseudocatenulatum JCLA3