21 research outputs found
Distinct germline genetic susceptibility profiles identified for common non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes
Lymphoma risk is elevated for relatives with common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes, suggesting shared genetic susceptibility across subtypes. To evaluate the extent of mutual heritability among NHL subtypes and discover novel loci shared among subtypes, we analyzed data from eight genome-wide association studies within the InterLymph Consortium, including 10,629 cases and 9505 controls. We utilized Association analysis based on SubSETs (ASSET) to discover loci for subsets of NHL subtypes and evaluated shared heritability across the genome using Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) and polygenic risk scores. We discovered 17 genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 × 10−8) for subsets of NHL subtypes, including a novel locus at 10q23.33 (HHEX) (P = 3.27 × 10−9). Most subset associations were driven primarily by only one subtype. Genome-wide genetic correlations between pairs of subtypes varied broadly from 0.20 to 0.86, suggesting substantial heterogeneity in the extent of shared heritability among subtypes. Polygenic risk score analyses of established loci for different lymphoid malignancies identified strong associations with some NHL subtypes (P < 5 × 10−8), but weak or null associations with others. Although our analyses suggest partially shared heritability and biological pathways, they reveal substantial heterogeneity among NHL subtypes with each having its own distinct germline genetic architecture
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Location of hydraulic fractures using microseismic techniques
Microearthquakes with magnitudes ranging between -6 and -2 have been observed in three successive massive injections of water at the Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy demonstration site at Fenton Hill, New Mexico. The injection was part of a program to increase the heat transfer area of hydraulic fractures and to decrease the flow-through impedance between wells. The microearthquakes were used in mapping the location of the extended hydraulic fractures. A downhole triaxial system positioned approximately 200 m vertically above the injection point in a shut-in production well was used for detection. The microearthquakes occurred in a north-northwest striking zone 400 m in length passing through the injection point. During a third substantially larger injection, microearthquakes occurred in a dispersed volume at distances as great as 800 m from the zone active in the first two injections
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Transmission of acoustic signals through hydraulic fractures
Acoustic signals transmitted between wells have been used to study the structure of the hot dry rock geothermal reservoir at Fenton Hill, New Mexico. The signals produced, usign commercially available logging tools, traveled paths as long as 45.7 m (150 ft) in fractured granitic basement rock. Both P- and S-waves were transmitted, the amplitude of the latter varying with the inclination between logging positions in each well. On pressurization of the reservoir, the signals showed changes in attenuation and waveform. The change in attenuation varied from a value of -2 dB above the fractured portion of the reservoir to -30 dB near the fracture well-bore intersections. The signals, having amplitude content in the frequency range from 6 to 16 kilohertz, were severely attenuated in the higher frequencies. Signal waveforms were limited to one of three distinctive types - the first having a pronounced S-wave arrival, the other two having either no S-wave arrival or apparent distributed P- and S-wave arrivals. The general character of each waveform seems to depend on the absence or presence of fractures along the signal travel paths, on the multiplicity of fractures, and on their pressure states. The propagation velocity of the signals did not change perceptibly on reservoir pressurization. However, the velocity did change as much as 6% locally in the reservoir following a prolonged period of heat extraction and pressure cycling, resulting in extensive microfracturing of the bulk rock