Ethical and legal assessment of genome editing in research on human cells

Neue molekularbiologische Methoden, die gezielte Eingriffe in das Erbgut erlauben, eröffnen vielversprechende Möglichkeiten in Forschung und Anwendung. Die unter den Begriffen Genome Editing und Genomchirurgie bekannten Verfahren machen jedoch auch eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Diskussion über ethische und rechtliche Fragen notwendig. Dies gilt insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Forschung an humanen Zellen. Die Forschung an menschlichen Embryonen ist in Deutschland durch das Embryonenschutzgesetz verboten. Das Gesetz, das 2011 zuletzt geändert wurde, deckt allerdings nicht alle Fragen ab, die die neuen Methoden der Genomchirurgie aufwerfen. Um die Diskussion zu diesem Themenkomplex in Deutschland zu fördern, hat eine interdisziplinär besetzte Expertengruppe der Nationalen Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina das Diskussionspapier „Ethische und rechtliche Beurteilung des genome editing in der Forschung an humanen Zellen“ verfasst

Memory and neural networks on the basis of color centers in solids

Abstract Optical data recording is one of the most widely used and efficient systems of memory in the non-living world. The application of color centers in this context offers not only systems of high speed in writing and read-out due to a high degree of parallelism in data handling but also a possibility to set up models of neural networks. In this way, systems with a high potential for image processing, pattern recognition and logical operations can be constructed. A limitation to storage density is given by the diffraction limit of optical data recording. It is shown that this limitation can at least in principle be overcome by the principle of spectral hole burning, which results in systems of storage capacities close to the human brain system.</jats:p

Optimization of the PVT process for growth of high quality SiC crystals

MONTPELLIER-BU Sciences (341722106) / SudocSudocFranceF

The dynamic behavior of thin-film ionic transition metal complex-based light-emitting electrochemical cells

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have received increasing attention during recent years due to their simple architecture, based on solely air-stabile materials, and ease of manufacture in ambient atmosphere, using solution-based technologies. The LEC's active layer offers semiconducting, luminescent as well as ionic functionality resulting in device physical processes fundamentally different as compared with organic light-emitting diodes. During operation, electrical double layers (EDLs) form at the electrode interfaces as a consequence of ion accumulation and electrochemical doping sets in leading to the in situ development of a light-emitting p-i-n junction. In this paper, we comment on the use of impedance spectroscopy in combination with complex nonlinear squares fitting to derive key information about the latter events in thin-film ionic transition metal complex-based light-emitting electrochemical cells based on the model compound bis-2-phenylpyridine 6-phenyl-2,2′-bipyridine iridium(III) hexafluoridophosphate ([Ir(ppy)2(pbpy)][PF6]). At operating voltages below the bandgap potential of the ionic complex used, we obtain the dielectric constant of the active layer, the conductivity of mobile ions, the transference numbers of electrons and ions, and the thickness of the EDLs, whereas the transient thickness of the p-i-n junction is determined at voltages above the bandgap potential. Most importantly, we find that charge transport is dominated by the ions when carrier injection from the electrodes is prohibited, that ion movement is limited by the presence of transverse internal interfaces and that the width of the intrinsic region constitutes almost 60% of the total active layer thickness in steady state at a low operating voltage