Analiysis of GNSS-RTK instruments testing on the ISO 17123-8

GNSS-instruments (Global Navigation Satellite System) are the standard field surveying equipment (in addition to tachymeter and levels) for geodetic network establishment and detail surveying. As in the case of other geodetic instruments, it is essential to pre-analyse GNSS-receiver quality parameters, obtained from laboratory calibration and/or field testing of the specific instrument and/or measuring method. Thus, the relevance of the results, as indicated by manufacturer, is obtained that may explain the suitability of a specific GNSS-instrument for field measurements. In 2007, the International Organization of Standardization (ISO), Technical Committee 172, Subcommittee 6 (ISO/TC 172/SC6), presented a comprehensive GNSS field testing procedures for real time measurements, based on statistical evaluation and verification of the manufacturer's hardware and firmware. The test can be performed anywhere on the field assuming that the test area includes minimal potential influences to GNSS measurements. At the same time, a test does not require any additional processing software, because the test data evaluation is based on elementary statistics. This paper presents the theoretical basis of GNSS instrument testing in accordance with the ISO 17123-8 guidelines and further examination of specific measurements on the selected site

Analiza preizkusa instrumentarija GNSS-RTK po navodilih standarda ISO 17123-8 : Analysis of GNSS-RTK instruments testing on the ISO 17123-8 instructions

GNSS-instrumente (angl. Global Navigation Satellite System) uvrščamo med standardno terensko geodetsko mersko opremo (poleg elektronskih tahimetrov in nivelirjev), ki jo lahko uporabljamo za vzpostavitevgeodetskih mrež in za detajlno izmero. Podobno kot pri drugih geodetskih instrumentih moramo tudi pri GNSS-instrumentih pred izmero ovrednotiti parametre kakovosti instrumentarija oziroma metodeizmere, ki jih pridobimo s postopki laboratorijske kalibracije in/ali s terenskim preizkušanjem. Tako pridobimo podatek o ustreznosti navedenih tehničnih značilnostih proizvajalca in ovrednotimo primernost uporabe GNSS-instrumentov za konkretne potrebe.Mednarodna organizacija za standarde ISO (angl. International Organization of Standardization) je v okviru tehnične skupine 172 in podskupine 6 (ISO/ TC 172/SC 6) v letu 2007 predstavila postopkepreizkušanja GNSS-merskega instrumentarija za določanje položaja v realnem času, ki temeljijo na oceni kakovosti delovanja strojne in programske opreme posameznega instrumenta. Preizkus lahko opravimo kjerkoli na terenu, kjer so zagotovljeni primerni pogoji za izvedbo GNSS-opazovanj predvsem s stališča čim manjših vplivov na opazovanja zizvorom v okolici. Preizkus tudi ne zahteva dodatnega programskega orodja za obdelavo podatkov meritev, saj je statistično vrednotenje rezultatov opazovanj dokaj enostavno. V prispevku opisujemo teoretične podlage preizkusa GNSS-instrumentov po navodilih standardaISO 17123-8, ki jih uporabimo za praktični preizkus GNSS-instrumenta. ; GNSS-instruments (Global Navigation Satellite System) are the standard field surveying equipment (in addition to tachymeter and levels) for geodetic network establishment and detail surveying. As inthe case of other geodetic instruments, it is essential to pre-analyse GNSS-receiver quality parameters, obtained from laboratory calibration and/or field testing of the specific nstrument and/or measuring method. Thus, the relevance of the results, as indicated by manufacturer, is obtained that may explain the suitability of a specific GNSS-instrument for field measurements. In 2007, the International Organization of Standardization (ISO), Technical Committee 172, Subcommittee 6 (ISO/TC 172/ SC6), presented a comprehensive GNSS field testing procedures for real time measurements, based on statistical evaluation and verification of themanufacturer’s hardware and firmware. The test can be performed anywhere on the field assuming that the test area includes minimal potential influences to GNSS measurements. At the same time, a test does not require any additional processing software, because the test data evaluation is based on elementary statistics. This paper presents the theoretical basis of GNSS instrument testing in accordance with the ISO 17123-8 guidelines and further examination of specific measurements on the selected site

GNSS-RTK-instrument testing using ISO-standard 17123-8

In the thesis is presented the ISO standard ISO 17123-8, which represents the methods of\ud testing of GNSS-RTK measurement included, for the determination of the position in real\ud time, based on an assessment of the quality of the hardware and software of each instrument.\ud The test can be done anywhere on the fileld, where provided the conditions for the\ud implementation of the GNSS-RTK observations. The test does not require additional software\ud tools for processing the data measurements, since the statistical evaluation of the results of the\ud observations are quite easy. In the thesis are presented also the results of the practical tests on\ud the reference values, different manufacturers, different periods of observation and of different\ud length of the vectors. For the examination of the instruments used were the producer Leica,\ud Topcon and Trimble

Analiysis of GNSS-RTK instruments testing on the ISO 17123-8

Prispevek obravnava poseben vidik razvijajočega se trga nepremičnin v Sloveniji, to je dejavnost trga nepremičnin. Slovenija nima tradicije na področju trga nepremičnin in njegovih analiz, saj je še pred dvema desetletjema imela socialistično ureditev in plansko gospodarstvo. Trg nepremičnin se je v Sloveniji začel razvijati s tranzicijo v tržno usmerjeno gospodarstvo v začetku devetdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja. Velik napredek je bilo zaznati v drugi polovici devetdesetih, ko je bil tudi opazen splošen gospodarski razvoj države. V raziskavi smo se osredotočili na analizo trga nepremičnin v obdobju 2000–2006, zaznamovanem z večjimi spremembami zakonodaje in drugih institucionalnih okvirov, ki neposredno ali posredno urejajo področje nepremičnin in pravic na nepremičninah. Na podlagi razpoložljivih tržnih podatkov, ki smo jih pridobili na Davčni upravi RS, smo proučevali razvoj trga nepremičnin v Sloveniji v obravnavanem obdobju, pri čemer smo analizirali predvsem dejavnost oziroma razvoj trga nepremičnin po statističnih regijah in vrsti nepremičnine. Rezultati kažejo splošen razvoj trga nepremičnin v Sloveniji v obdobju 2000–2006, ko so na njegovo delovanje pomembno vplivali institucionalni oziroma pravni dejavniki.GNSS-instruments (Global Navigation Satellite System) are the standard field surveying equipment (in addition to tachymeter and levels) for geodetic network establishment and detail surveying. As in the case of other geodetic instruments, it is essential to pre-analyse GNSS-receiver quality parameters, obtained from laboratory calibration and/or field testing of the specific instrument and/or measuring method. Thus, the relevance of the results, as indicated by manufacturer, is obtained that may explain the suitability of a specific GNSS-instrument for field measurements. In 2007, the International Organization of Standardization (ISO), Technical Committee 172, Subcommittee 6 (ISO/TC 172/SC6), presented a comprehensive GNSS field testing procedures for real time measurements, based on statistical evaluation and verification of the manufacturer\u27s hardware and firmware. The test can be performed anywhere on the field assuming that the test area includes minimal potential influences to GNSS measurements. At the same time, a test does not require any additional processing software, because the test data evaluation is based on elementary statistics. This paper presents the theoretical basis of GNSS instrument testing in accordance with the ISO 17123-8 guidelines and further examination of specific measurements on the selected site