Efficacy of IV Immunoglobulins on Psychiatric Symptoms: A Case Report

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a fairly common psychiatric illness with a prevalence between 1.8% and 2% in the general population..

Two Faces of a Coin? A Systematic Review of Source Monitoring and Its Relationship with Memory in Autism

none7The ability to discriminate the origin of stimuli, known as source monitoring, is crucial for self-other distinction and the integration of internally generated and externally generated experiences. Despite its valence, evidence on source monitoring in autism is yet scarce and unclear. We systematically reviewed literature concerning source monitoring in autism and its relationship with other constructs, such as memory type, encoding effects, social cognition, general intelligence, and clinical factors. Source-monitoring performance (operationalized as error or accuracy) was reduced in autistic participants in 9 of the 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria. When explicitly investigated, free-recall memory impairments in autism were shown to influence source monitoring deficits. General intelligence was another important factor linked to source-monitoring performance. Conversely, other memory types or encoding effects were not impaired in autism, and no univocal association could be found with source monitoring. Social cognition and clinical symptoms were rarely assessed in spite of their possible involvement in source monitoring. The heterogeneity of the task design, outcome measures and demographical factors limited study comparability. As a research framework on source monitoring as a construct of primary interest in autism is still lacking, we propose preliminary indications for future investigations based on the collected findings.openDamiani, Stefano; Guiot, Cecilia; Nola, Marta; Donadeo, Alberto; Bassetti, Nicola; Brondino, Natascia; Politi, PierluigiDamiani, Stefano; Guiot, Cecilia; Nola, Marta; Donadeo, Alberto; Bassetti, Nicola; Brondino, Natascia; Politi, Pierluig

Understanding Source Monitoring subtypes and their relation to psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

none7siAims: Source Monitoring (SM) is the metacognitive ability to determine the origin of one's experiences. SM is altered in primary psychiatric psychosis, although relationships between SM subtypes, other cognitive domains and symptoms are unclear. Our aims were to synthesize evidence comparing psychosis -with and without hallucinations- and healthy controls classifying SM subtypes by source discrimination (internal/external/reality monitoring) and stimulus modality (visual/auditory/imagined/performed). Methods: This systematic review adopted Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes guidelines. Core demographical and clinical parameters were extracted. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as quality check. SM differences between i) psychosis patients versus healthy controls and ii) patients with versus without hallucinations were investigated via random-effect model meta-analysis. The primary effect size measure was Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) in each SM subtype performance (error or accuracy). Heterogeneity, publication biases and meta-regressions were assessed. Results: 5256 records were screened to finally include 44 studies (1566 patients, 1175 controls). Mean Newcastle-Ottawa score was 7.41 out of 9. Few studies measured SM associations with cognition (n = 9) and symptoms (n = 19), with heterogeneous findings. SM performance across all measures was reduced in psychosis versus healthy controls (SMD = 0.458). Internal SM (SMD: errors = 0.513; accuracy = 0.733) and imagined stimuli (SMD: errors = 0.688; accuracy = 0.978) were specifically impaired. Patients with versus without hallucinations showed SM deficits only for externalizing (SMD = 0.410) and imagined/auditory (SMD = 0.498/0.277) errors. Conclusion: The proposed classifications highlight specific SM deficits for internal/imagined stimuli in psychosis, providing evidence-based indications to design and interpret future studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.embargoed_20230302Damiani, Stefano; Donadeo, Alberto; Bassetti, Nicola; Salazar-de-Pablo, Gonzalo; Guiot, Cecilia; Politi, Pierluigi; Fusar-Poli, PaoloDamiani, Stefano; Donadeo, Alberto; Bassetti, Nicola; Salazar-de-Pablo, Gonzalo; Guiot, Cecilia; Politi, Pierluigi; Fusar-Poli, Paol

Letter to Editor

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is an immunologically based inflammatory condition of the brain. EA often manifests with psychotic symptomatology and should be considered by all clinical psychiatrists as an alternative diagnosis for early psychotic episodes. Awareness of these conditions supports stronger cooperation between neurologists and psychiatrist