The Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), adapted with permission from Bradley and Lang 1994 [6].

<p>SAM is a pictorial tool designed in the eighties that measures pleasure (top), arousal (middle) and dominance (bottom) on a discrete scale. It is available in two main versions: paper-and-pencil (5-, 7-, 9-points) and computer program (20-points). Participants can rate their affective state by placing an X over or between any figure.</p

Screenshot of the web-based questionnaire showing a single experimental trial using the AS.

<p>The picture (in this example just a placeholder and not part of the IAPS collection) is randomly displayed either on the left or on the right side of the screen. Similarly, the order of the pleasure and arousal dimensions is randomized.</p

Scatterplots representing the linear correlation between AS and SAM pleasure (r_s = .852) and arousal (r_s = .860).

<p>The red line indicates the best fit.</p

The “Affective Slider” (AS) is a digital self-reporting tool composed of two sliders that measure arousal (top) and pleasure (bottom) on a continuous scale.

<p>The AS does not require written instructions and it is intentionally displayed using a neutral chromatic palette to avoid bias in ratings due to the emotional connotation of colors. See text for more details.</p