Mitochondrial Arrest on the Microtubule Highway—A Feature of Heart Failure and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy?

From Frontiers via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: collection 2021, received 2021-03-31, accepted 2021-06-08, epub 2021-07-02Publication status: PublishedA pathophysiological consequence of both type 1 and 2 diabetes is remodelling of the myocardium leading to the loss of left ventricular pump function and ultimately heart failure (HF). Abnormal cardiac bioenergetics associated with mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the early stages of HF. Key factors influencing mitochondrial function are the shape, size and organisation of mitochondria within cardiomyocytes, with reports identifying small, fragmented mitochondria in the myocardium of diabetic patients. Cardiac mitochondria are now known to be dynamic organelles (with various functions beyond energy production); however, the mechanisms that underpin their dynamism are complex and links to motility are yet to be fully understood, particularly within the context of HF. This review will consider how the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Miro1 (Rhot1) mediates mitochondrial movement along microtubules via crosstalk with kinesin motors and explore the evidence for molecular level changes in the setting of diabetic cardiomyopathy. As HF and diabetes are recognised inflammatory conditions, with reports of enhanced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, we will also consider evidence linking microtubule organisation, inflammation and the association to mitochondrial motility. Diabetes is a global pandemic but with limited treatment options for diabetic cardiomyopathy, therefore we also discuss potential therapeutic approaches to target the mitochondrial-microtubule-inflammatory axis

Synthesis of MnSe-Based GO Composites as Effective Photocatalyst for Environmental Remediations

In this work, a manganese selenide/graphene oxide (MnSe/GO)-based composite was prepared for wet-chemical assisted method against organic dye; herein, methylene blue (MB) dye removal from the water was employed as a metal selenide-based photocatalyst. The synthesized MnSe/GO composite was systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform electron microscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis. DRS). The structural characteristic revealed the adequate synthesis of the sample with good crystallinity and purity of the obtained products. The morphological analysis indicates the formation of MnSe nanoflakes composed of tiny particles on their surface. At the same time, the GO nanosheets with high aggregation were formed, which may be due to the van der Waals forces. The bond interaction and compositional analysis studies confirmed and supported the structural findings with high purity. The optical analysis showed the bandgap energies of MnSe and their composites MnSe (1.7 eV), 7% GO-MnSe (2.42 eV), 14% GO-MnSe (2.6 eV), 21% GO-MnSe (3.02 eV), and 28% GO-MnSe (3.24 eV) respectively, which increase the bandgap energy after GO and MnSe recombination. Among different contents, the optimized 21% GO-MnSe composite displayed enhanced photocatalytic properties. For instance, a short time of 90 min was taken compared with other concentrations due to the narrow bandgap of MnSe and the highly conductive charge carrier’s support, making the process to remove MB from water faster. These results show that the selenide-based photocatalyst can be an attractive candidate for future advanced photocatalysis applications

Synthesis of MnSe-Based GO Composites as Effective Photocatalyst for Environmental Remediations

In this work, a manganese selenide/graphene oxide (MnSe/GO)-based composite was prepared for wet-chemical assisted method against organic dye; herein, methylene blue (MB) dye removal from the water was employed as a metal selenide-based photocatalyst. The synthesized MnSe/GO composite was systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform electron microscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis. DRS). The structural characteristic revealed the adequate synthesis of the sample with good crystallinity and purity of the obtained products. The morphological analysis indicates the formation of MnSe nanoflakes composed of tiny particles on their surface. At the same time, the GO nanosheets with high aggregation were formed, which may be due to the van der Waals forces. The bond interaction and compositional analysis studies confirmed and supported the structural findings with high purity. The optical analysis showed the bandgap energies of MnSe and their composites MnSe (1.7 eV), 7% GO-MnSe (2.42 eV), 14% GO-MnSe (2.6 eV), 21% GO-MnSe (3.02 eV), and 28% GO-MnSe (3.24 eV) respectively, which increase the bandgap energy after GO and MnSe recombination. Among different contents, the optimized 21% GO-MnSe composite displayed enhanced photocatalytic properties. For instance, a short time of 90 min was taken compared with other concentrations due to the narrow bandgap of MnSe and the highly conductive charge carrier’s support, making the process to remove MB from water faster. These results show that the selenide-based photocatalyst can be an attractive candidate for future advanced photocatalysis applications

PREVALENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a polygenic illness that affects many other organs. In people with type 2 diabetes, urinary tract infection is the most prevalent, the most severe, and has the worst consequences. They are also more frequently caused by microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics. Immune system dysfunction, poor metabolic regulation, and inadequate bladder emptying owing to autonomic neuropathy may all contribute to these individuals' increased risk of urinary tract infections. The novel anti-diabetic sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors were not shown to raise the likelihood of symptomatic urinary tract infections appreciably. Urinary tract infection symptoms are comparable to those seen in people without diabetes, while some patients with diabetic neuropathy may exhibit changed clinical findings. The existence of symptoms, the severity of systemic symptoms, whether the infection is limited in the bladder or also includes the kidney, the presence of urologic abnormalities, concomitant metabolic disturbances, and renal function all influence treatment. There is no evidence that diabetic people with asymptomatic bacteriuria should be treated. Diabetes length, age, gender, method of drug administration, kind of medicines used in diabetes, poor glycemic control, obesity, unsanitary settings, sexual intercourse, and type of DM are all risk factors for UTI in diabetic patients. Antibiotic usage on a daily basis has rendered numerous harmful microorganisms resistant to their effects. In the long run, if UTI in diabetes people is not treated, it might lead to serious problems. Furthermore, the pattern of antibiotic resistance varies by geographical area. As a result, the use of susceptible antibiotics to treat UTI in diabetes patients has become critical. Medline and PubMed public database searches was carried out for papers written all over the world on UTI in diabetic patients. No predictive analytics technology was used. To evaluate the initial results and the methods of conducting the paper, the group members reviewed the data