8,341 research outputs found
What can be learned from the schematic mode-coupling approach to experimental data ?
We propose a detailed investigation of the schematic mode-coupling approach
to experimental data, a method based on the use of simple mode-coupling
equations to analyze the dynamics of supercooled liquids. Our aim here is to
clarify different aspects of this approach that appeared so far uncontrolled or
arbitrary, and to validate the results obtained from previous works. Analyzing
the theoretical foundations of the approach, we first identify the parameters
of the theory playing a key role and obtain simple requirements to be met by a
schematic model for its use in this context. Then we compare the results
obtained from the schematic analysis of a given set of experimental data with a
variety of models and show that they are all perfectly consistent. A number of
potential biases in the method are identified and ruled out by the choice of
appropriate models. Finally, reference spectra computed from the mode-coupling
theory for a model simple liquid are analyzed along the same lines as
experimental data, allowing us to show that, despite the strong simplification
in the description of the dynamics it involves, the method is free from
spurious artifacts and provides accurate estimates of important parameters of
the theory. The only exception is the exponent parameter, the evaluation of
which is hindered, as for other methods, by corrections to the asymptotic laws
of the theory present when the dynamics is known only in a limited time or
frequency range.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, revtex4, to appear in J. Chem. Phy
A Relativistic Version of the Two-Level Atom in the Rest-Frame Instant Form of Dynamics
We define a relativistic version of the two-level atom, in which an extended
atom is replaced by a point particle carrying suitable Grassmann variables for
the description of the two-level structure and of the electric dipole. After
studying the isolated system "atom plus the electro-magnetic field" in the
electric-dipole representation as a parametrized Minkowski theory, we give its
restriction to the inertial rest frame and the explicit form of the Poincar\'e
generators. After quantization we get a two-level atom with a spin 1/2 electric
dipole and the relativistic generalization of the Hamiltonians of the Rabi and
Jaynes-Cummings models.Comment: 23 page
Study of the Depolarized Light Scattering Spectra of Supercooled Liquids by a Simple Mode-Coupling Model
By using simple mode coupling equations, we investigate the depolarized light
scattering spectra of two so-called "fragile" glassforming liquids, salol
(phenylsalicylate) and CKN (Ca_{0.4}K_{0.6}(NO_3)_{1.4}), measured by Cummins
and coworkers. Nonlinear integrodifferential equations for the time evolution
of the density-fluctuations autocorrelation functions are the basic input of
the mode coupling theory. Restricting ourselves to a small set of such
equations, we fit the numerical solution to the experimental spectra. It leads
to a good agreement between model and experiment, which allows us to determine
how a real system explores the parameter space of the model, but it also leads
to unrealistic effective vertices in a temperature range where the theory makes
critical asymptotic predictions. We finally discuss the relevance and the range
of validity of these universal asymptotic predictions when applied to
experimental data on supercooled liquids.Comment: 31 LaTeX pages using overcite.sty, 10 postscript figures, accepted in
J. Chem. Phy
Exploring Household Saving and Consumption-Smoothing in the Philippines
This paper explores whether or not the saving behavior of Filipino households fits the life-cycle hypothesis. Using pseudo-panels, which are constructed from the public use data files of the Family Income and Expenditures Survey of 1988 to 2000, it shows that consumption rises with the age of the household head and that the consumption profile has been rising for younger cohorts. The regressions indicate that the cohort-independent age effects on consumption simply track those on income across all ages, suggesting that Filipino households do not behave as the life-cycle hypothesis prescribes, possibly because they are liquidity constrained or impatient.consumption smoothing, household savings, household consumption
Exploring Household Saving and Consumption-Smoothing in the Philippines
This paper explores whether or not the saving behavior of Filipino households fits the life-cycle hypothesis. Using pseudo-panels, which are constructed from the public use data files of the Family Income and Expenditures Survey of 1988 to 2000, it shows that consumption rises with the age of the household head and that the consumption profile has been rising for younger cohorts. The regressions indicate that the cohort-independent age effects on consumption simply track those on income across all ages, suggesting that Filipino households do not behave as the life-cycle hypothesis prescribes, possibly because they are liquidity constrained or impatient.consumption smoothing, household savings, household consumption
On the correlation between fragility and stretching in glassforming liquids
We study the pressure and temperature dependences of the dielectric
relaxation of two molecular glassforming liquids, dibutyl phtalate and
m-toluidine. We focus on two characteristics of the slowing down of relaxation,
the fragility associated with the temperature dependence and the stretching
characterizing the relaxation function. We combine our data with data from the
literature to revisit the proposed correlation between these two quantities. We
do this in light of constraints that we suggest to put on the search for
empirical correlations among properties of glassformers. In particular, argue
that a meaningful correlation is to be looked for between stretching and
isochoric fragility, as both seem to be constant under isochronic conditions
and thereby reflect the intrinsic effect of temperature
Simulating the Impact of Macroeconomic Policy Changes on Macronutrient Availability in Households
This study estimates a system of food demand equations utilizing nationally representative survey data. These estimates are then used to set-up a model that can use price and income changes from simulating a general equilibrium model to determine the impact of changes on macroeconomic policy on the nutritional status of households. Results indicate that the tariff reform program has a more progressive impact on nutrition than on income.computable general equilibrium (CGE)
Simulating the Impact of Macroeconomic Policy Changes on Macronutrient Availability in Households
This study estimates a system of food demand equations utilizing nationally representative survey data. These estimates are then used to set-up a model that can use price and income changes from simulating a general equilibrium model to determine the impact of changes on macroeconomic policy on the nutritional status of households. Results indicate that the tariff reform program has a more progressive impact on nutrition than on income.computable general equilibrium (CGE)
Motives and Giving Norms Behind Remittances: the Case of Filipino Overseas Workers and their Recipient Households
The literature has focused on motives to explain remittance behavior. But as non-anonymous transfers, remittances are liable to be influenced by giving norms as well. We formulate an empirical specification that takes account of remittance motives involving worker-household pairs. We find that altruism dominates the exchange motive among overseas workers who are likely to be the primary breadwinners of their recipient households. We also find that, in the subsample in which overseas workers are likely to be secondary breadwinners, (a) household labor income is an endogenous explanatory variable and (b) the error covariance of the household income and remittance selection equations is positive. A possible reason for (a) is that secondary breadwinners use household income as an imperfect signal of opportunity cost or to detect unobserved effort, i.e., moral hazard, in generating income. As for (b), we surmise that it indicates the presence of incentive-compatible mechanisms against moral hazard. On giving norms, we find that in samples that include overseas workers who are secondary breadwinners, remittance amounts are afflicted with negative selectivity. We present evidence that this is consistent with Filipino giving practices, in which everyone gives but in modest amounts.Remittances, remittance motives, giving norms
Disentangling density and temperature effects in the viscous slowing down of glassforming liquids
We present a consistent picture of the respective role of density and
temperature in the viscous slowing down of glassforming liquids and polymers.
Specifically, based in part upon a new analysis of simulation and experimental
data on liquid ortho-terphenyl, we conclude that a zeroth-order description of
the approach to the glass transition should be formulated in terms of a
temperature-driven super-Arrhenius activated behavior rather than a
density-driven congestion or jamming phenomenon. The density plays a role at a
quantitative level, but its effect on the viscosity and the structural
relaxation time can be simply described via a single parameter, an effective
interaction energy that is characteristic of the high temperature liquid
regime; as a result, density does not affect the ``fragility'' of the
glassforming system.Comment: RevTeX4, 8 pages, 8 eps figure
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