ALTERAÇÕES MORFOLÓGICAS DE LEUCÓCITOS E TROMBÓCITOS SANGUÍNEOS EM Piaractus mesopotamicus DURANTE A SEPSE

Sepsis is defined as organ dysfunction with high mortality. During this process, the hematological system plays a critical role. Thus, the work aimed to analyze the morphological changes in the leukogram and thrombogram by the indirect method in the course of sepsis in Piaractus mesopotamicus. For this, 98 pacus were used, divided into two groups, one received 0.5 ml of sterile 0.65% sodium chloride solution (control) and the other received the same volume containing the bacterial inoculum (1.8 x 108 CFU/ml – challenge). To assess such changes in the evolution of sepsis, blood samples were collected from fish 1, 3, 6 and 9 hours after inoculation and in the control group (n = 10). One aliquot of the blood was used for blood culture and another for determining the number of leukocytes and thrombotics by the indirect method and the evaluation of morphological changes in blood extensions. Aeromonosis was confirmed by positive blood culture in all samples from the challenged groups. The leukogram analysis showed a significant increase (p <0.05) of leukocytes in the later times, 9 and 6 HPI in relation to the control group. Differential analysis showed leukopenia (p <0.05; 3 HPI) and consumption of thrombocytes. It was found that with the increase of the infection the septicemic pacus develops a picture of granulocytosis and monocytosis (p <0.05). It was concluded that inoculation with A. hydrophila induced sepsis with positive blood culture with leukocytosis in the challenged pacus and caused an intense change in the leukocyte and thrombotic morphology.KEYWORDS: Hemoculture, Leukogram, Morphology, Aeromonas hydrophila, Teleosts.La sepsis se define como disfunción orgánica con alta mortalidad. Durante este proceso, el sistema hematológico juega un papel crítico. Por lo tanto, el trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar los cambios morfológicos en el leucograma y el trombograma por el método indirecto en el curso de la sepsis en Piaractus mesopotamicus. Para esto, se utilizaron 98 pacus, divididos en dos grupos, uno recibió 0,5 ml de solución estéril de cloruro de sodio al 0,65% (control) y el otro recibió el mismo volumen que contenía el inóculo bacteriano (1,8 x 108 UFC / ml - desafío). Para evaluar dichos cambios en la evolución de la sepsis, se recogieron muestras de sangre de peces 1, 3, 6 y 9 horas después de la inoculación y en el grupo de control (n = 10). Una parte alícuota de la sangre se usó para el hemocultivo y otra para determinar el número de leucocitos y trombóticos mediante el método indirecto y la evaluación de los cambios morfológicos en las extensiones de sangre. La aeromonosis se confirmó por hemocultivo positivo en todas las muestras de los grupos desafiados. El análisis de leucogramas mostró un aumento significativo (p <0.05) de leucocitos en los últimos tiempos, 9 y 6 HPI en relación con el grupo de control. El análisis diferencial mostró leucopenia (p <0.05; 3 HPI) y consumo de trombocitos. Se encontró que con el aumento de la infección, el pacus septicémico desarrolla una imagen de granulocitosis y monocitosis (p <0.05). Se concluyó que la inoculación con A. hydrophila indujo sepsis con hemocultivo positivo con leucocitosis en pacus desafiado y causa un cambio intenso en los leucocitos y la morfología trombóticaPALABRAS CLAVES Hemocultivo, Leucograma, Morfología, Aeromonas hydrophila, Teleósteos.A sepse é definida como disfunção orgânica com alta mortalidade. Durante esse processo o sistema hematológico desempenha um papel crítico. Assim, o trabalho objetivou analisar as alterações morfológicas no leucograma e no trombograma pelo método indireto no curso da sepse em Piaractus mesopotamicus. Para tanto, foram utilizados 98 pacus, divididos em dois grupos, um deles recebeu 0,5 ml de solução de cloreto de sódio esterilizada a 0,65% (controle) e outro recebeu o mesmo volume contendo o inoculo bacteriano (18 x 108 CFU/ml – desafio). Para avaliar tais alterações na evolução da sepse foram realizadas coletas de sangue dos peixes 1, 3, 6 e 9 horas após inoculação e no grupo controle (n=10). Uma alíquota do sangue foi destina a hemocultura e outra na determinação do número de leucócitos e de trombóticos pelo método indireto e a avaliação das alterações morfológicas nas extensões sanguíneas. A aeromonose foi confirmada pela hemocultura positiva em todas as amostras dos grupos desafiados. A análise do leucograma demonstrou aumento significativa (p<0,05) dos leucócitos nos tempos mais tardios, 9 e 6 HPI em relação ao grupo controle. Da análise diferencial observou-se leucopenia (p<0,05; 3 HPI) e consumo dos trombócitos. Verificou-se que com o aumento da infecção os pacus septicêmicos desenvolvem um quadro de granulocitose e monocitose (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que a inoculação com A. hydrophila induziu a sepse com hemocultura positiva com leucocitose nos pacus desafiados e causa intensa alteração na morfologia dos leucócitos e trombóticos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hemocultura, Leucograma, Morfologia, Aeromonas hydrophila, Teleósteos

Mode B ultrasonography and abdominal Doppler in crab-eating-foxes ( Cerdocyon thous )

Abstract: Annually hundreds of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) are referred to rehabilitation centers and zoos in Brazil. The ultrasonographic study of wildlife species is an important tool for a non-invasive and accurate anatomical description and provides important information for wildlife veterinary care. The aim of the present study was to determine the characteristics of the main abdominal organs as well as the vascular indexes of the abdominal aorta and renal arteries of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) using mode B ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. Ultrasonographic features of the main abdominal organs were described and slight differences were noticed between ultrasound imaging of abdominal organs of crab-eating foxes and other species. The bladder presented wall thickness of 12±0.01mm, with three defined layers. Both, the right and left kidneys presented corticomedullary ratio of 1:1 and similarly to the adrenals and the liver, they were homogeneous and hypoechoic compared to the spleen. The spleen was homogeneous and hyperechoic compared to the kidneys. The stomach presented 3 to 5 peristaltic movements per minute, wall thickness of 39±0.05mm and lumen and mucosa with hyperechoic and hypoechoic features, respectively. Small and large intestines presented 2 to 3 peristaltic movements per minute, wall thickness of 34±0.03mm and three defined layers with hyperechogenic (submucosa and serosa) and hypoechogenic (muscular) features. Ovaries of the female crab-eating fox were hypoechoic compared to the spleen and with heterogeneous parenchyma due to the presence of 2x2mm ovarian follicles. Prostates of the six males were regular and with a well defined boundary, with a homogeneous and hyperechoic parenchyma compared to the spleen. Vascular indexes of the abdominal aorta (PSV: 25.60±0.32cm/s; EDV: 6.96±1.68cm/s; PI: 1.15±0.07 e RI: 0.73±0.07) and right (PSV: 23.08±3.34cm/s; EDV: 9.33±2.36cm/s; PI: 1.01±0.65 e RI: 0.65±0.16) and left renal arteries (PSV: 23.74±3.94cm/s; EDV: 9.07±3.02cm/s; PI: 1.04±0.31 e RI: 0.64±0.10) were determined. Thus, conventional and Doppler ultrasonographic imaging provides basic information that can be used as reference for the species as well for other wild canids and it is a precise and non-invasive method that can be safely used to evaluate and diagnose abdominal injuries in these patients