Established prognostic factors at baseline in chronic heart failure patients with and without depressive symptoms.

<p>Established prognostic factors at baseline in chronic heart failure patients with and without depressive symptoms.</p

Patient Recruitment.

<p>PHQ-9 = 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.</p

Hazard ratios for all-cause death and first hospitalization within 2 years after HF for chronic heart failure patients with vs without depressive symptoms.

<p>Hazard ratios for all-cause death and first hospitalization within 2 years after HF for chronic heart failure patients with vs without depressive symptoms.</p

Comparison of the prognostic utility of adding depressive symptoms to the base model in predicting all-cause mortality and hospitalization within 2 years after heart failure in chronic heart failure patients.

<p>Comparison of the prognostic utility of adding depressive symptoms to the base model in predicting all-cause mortality and hospitalization within 2 years after heart failure in chronic heart failure patients.</p

Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of atrial fibrillation by combined dietary and biomarker DHA and EPA, ARIC Minnesota field center, 1987–2005.

*<p>Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, energy intake, exercise levels, smoking status and amount, alcohol intake, total cholesterol, use of cholesterol lowering medications, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medications, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and ECG-defined left ventricular hypertrophy.</p><p>CI: Confidence interval. HR: hazard ratio.</p

Baseline characteristics of ARIC participants (n = 14,222), 1987–1989.

<p>Values are % for categorical variables and mean (SD) for continuous variables. BMI: Body mass index. CHD: Coronary heart disease. DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid. ECG: Electrocardiogram. EPA: Eicosapentanoic acid.</p

Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of atrial fibrillation by categories of DHA+EPA intake, ARIC, 1987–2008.

<p>Dietary DHA and EPA adjusted for energy using the residual method. CI: Confidence interval. HR: Hazard ratio. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and race; Model 2: adjusted for center, age, race, sex, energy intake, BMI, education, exercise levels, smoking status and amount, alcohol intake, HDL-C, LDL-C, use of cholesterol lowering medications, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medications, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and ECG-defined left ventricular hypertrophy.</p

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of atrial fibrillation by fish intake categories, ARIC, 1987–2008.

<p>CI: Confidence interval. HR: Hazard ratio. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and race; Model 2: adjusted for center, age, race, sex, energy intake, body mass index, education, exercise levels, smoking status and amount, alcohol intake, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, use of cholesterol lowering medications, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medications, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and ECG-defined left ventricular hypertrophy.</p

Characteristics of the study sample (n = 12, 071) by incident AF status.

<p>Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study: 1987–89 through 2009.</p><p>AF = Atrial Fibrillation, CHD = Coronary Heart Disease, HF = Heart Failure.</p><p>All the characteristics are statistically different with p<0.05 between the incident AF and no AF groups.</p

Orthostatic change in systolic blood pressure (standing-supine) at baseline visit and multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of atrial fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risks in Communities Study (1987–89 to 2009).

<p>In the upper panel, the line shows hazard ratio (HR) and the grey bands represents 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for hazard ratio with no change in blood pressure upon standing as reference. In the bottom panel, the line represents smoothed density plots showing distribution of the orthostatic change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the study sample. The extreme values of SBP change (0.25 percentile) at each extreme were removed before plotting above to remove the effect on restricted portion from outliers (though including them didn’t change shape much).</p