1,864 research outputs found
Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation: Executive Guide
Prepared by and for policy-makers, leaders of public sector research establishments, technology transfer professionals, licensing executives, and scientists, this online resource offers up-to-date information and strategies for utilizing the power of both intellectual property and the public domain. Emphasis is placed on advancing innovation in health and agriculture, though many of the principles outlined here are broadly applicable across technology fields. Eschewing ideological debates and general proclamations, the authors always keep their eye on the practical side of IP management. The site is based on a comprehensive Handbook and Executive Guide that provide substantive discussions and analysis of the opportunities awaiting anyone in the field who wants to put intellectual property to work. This multi-volume work contains 153 chapters on a full range of IP topics and over 50 case studies, composed by over 200 authors from North, South, East, and West. If you are a policymaker, a senior administrator, a technology transfer manager, or a scientist, we invite you to use the companion site guide available at http://www.iphandbook.org/index.html The site guide distills the key points of each IP topic covered by the Handbook into simple language and places it in the context of evolving best practices specific to your professional role within the overall picture of IP management
Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation: A Handbook of Best Practices, Vol. 1
Prepared by and for policy-makers, leaders of public sector research establishments, technology transfer professionals, licensing executives, and scientists, this online resource offers up-to-date information and strategies for utilizing the power of both intellectual property and the public domain. Emphasis is placed on advancing innovation in health and agriculture, though many of the principles outlined here are broadly applicable across technology fields. Eschewing ideological debates and general proclamations, the authors always keep their eye on the practical side of IP management. The site is based on a comprehensive Handbook and Executive Guide that provide substantive discussions and analysis of the opportunities awaiting anyone in the field who wants to put intellectual property to work. This multi-volume work contains 153 chapters on a full range of IP topics and over 50 case studies, composed by over 200 authors from North, South, East, and West. If you are a policymaker, a senior administrator, a technology transfer manager, or a scientist, we invite you to use the companion site guide available at http://www.iphandbook.org/index.html The site guide distills the key points of each IP topic covered by the Handbook into simple language and places it in the context of evolving best practices specific to your professional role within the overall picture of IP management
Judging the impact of leadership-development activities on school practice
The nature and effectiveness of professional-development activities should be judged in a way that takes account of
both the achievement of intended outcomes and the unintended consequences that may result. Our research project set out to create a robust approach that school staff members could use to assess the impact of
professional-development programs on leadership and management practice without being constrained in this judgment by the stated aims of the program. In the process,
we identified a number of factors and requirements relevant to a wider audience than that concerned with the development of leadership and management in England.
Such an assessment has to rest upon a clear understanding of educational leadership,a clearly articulated model of practice, and a clear model of potential forms of impact.
Such foundations, suitably adapted to the subject being addressed, are appropriate for assessing all teacher professional development
Using mixed methods for analysing culture : The Cultural Capital and Social Exclusion project
This paper discusses the use of material generated in a mixed method investigation into cultural tastes and practices, conducted in Britain from 2003 to 2006, which employed a survey, focus groups and household interviews. The study analysed the patterning of cultural life across a number of fields, enhancing the empirical and methodological template provided by Bourdieuâs Distinction. Here we discuss criticisms of Bourdieu emerging from subsequent studies of class, culture and taste, outline the arguments related to the use of mixed methods and present illustrative results from the analysis of these different types of data. We discuss how the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods informed our analysis of cultural life in contemporary Britain. No single method was able to shed light on all aspects of our inquiry, lending support to the view that mixing methods is the most productive strategy for the investigation of complex social phenomena
Modification of Expansin Protein Abundance in Tomato Fruit Alters Softening and Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism during Ripening
HLA class I-redirected anti-tumour CD4+T-cells require a higher TCR binding affinity for optimal activity than CD8+T-cells
CD4+ T helper cells are a valuable component of the immune response towards cancer. Unfortunately, natural tumour-specific CD4+ T-cells occur in low frequency, express relatively low affinity T-cell receptors (TCRs) and show poor reactivity towards cognate antigen. In addition, the lack of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II expression on most cancers dictates that these cells are often unable to respond to tumour cells directly. These deficiencies can be overcome by transducing primary CD4+ T-cells with tumour-specific HLA class I-restricted TCRs prior to adoptive transfer. The lack of help from the coreceptor CD8 glycoprotein in CD4+ cells might result in these cells requiring a different optimal TCR binding affinity. Here we compared primary CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells expressing wildtype and a range of affinity-enhanced TCRs specific for the HLA A*0201-restricted NY-ESO-1- and gp100 tumour antigens. Our major findings are: (i) redirected primary CD4+ T-cells expressing TCRs of sufficiently high affinity exhibit a wide range of effector functions, including cytotoxicity, in response to cognate peptide; and, (ii) optimal TCR binding affinity is higher in CD4+ T-cells than CD8+ T-cells. These results indicate that the CD4+ T-cell component of current adoptive therapies using TCRs optimised for CD8+ T-cells is below par and that there is room for substantial improvement. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Ethylene regulation of fruit softening and cell wall disassembly in Charentais melon
Cell wall disassembly in ripening fruit is highly
complex, involving the dismantling of multiple polysaccharide
networks by diverse families of wall-modifying
proteins. While it has been reported in several species
that multiple members of each such family are
expressed in the same fruit tissue, it is not clear
whether this reflects functional redundancy, with protein
isozymes from a single enzyme class performing
similar roles and contributing equally to wall degradation,
or whether they have discrete functions, with
some isoforms playing a predominant role. Experiments
reported here sought to distinguish between
cell wall-related processes in ripening melon that were
softening-associated and softening-independent. Cell
wall polysaccharide depolymerization and the expression
of wall metabolism-related genes were examined
in transgenic melon (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis
Naud.) fruit with suppressed expression of the
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) gene
and fruits treated with ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene
(1-MCP). Softening was completely inhibited in
the transgenic fruit but was restored by treatment with
exogenous ethylene. Moreover, post-harvest application
of 1-MCP after the onset of ripening completely
halted subsequent softening, suggesting that melon
fruit softening is ethylene-dependent. Size exclusion chromatography of cell wall polysaccharides, from the
transgenic fruits, with or without exogenous ethylene,
indicated that the depolymerization of both pectins
and xyloglucans was also ethylene dependent. However,
northern analyses of a diverse range of cell wallrelated
genes, including those for polygalacturonases,
xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases, expansin,
and b-galactosidases, identified specific genes
within single families that could be categorized as
ethylene-dependent, ethylene-independent, or partially
ethylene-dependent. These results support the hypothesis
that while individual cell wall-modifying proteins from
each family contribute to cell wall disassembly that
accompanies fruit softening, other closely related family
members are regulated in an ethylene-independent
manner and apparently do not directly participate in
fruit softening
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