39 research outputs found

    Adsorption of the reactive azo dyes onto NH4Cl-induced activated carbon

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    Background: The efficacy of NH4Cl-induced activated carbon (NAC) was examined in order to adsorb RR198, an azo reactive model dye, from an aqueous solution. Methods: The effects of pH (3 to 10), adsorbent dose (0.1 to 1.2 g/L), dye concentration and contact time on the adsorption efficiency were investigated. Results: The results showed that the removal of dye was highest at a solution pH of 7 and a powder dose of 1.1 g/L. The 85.9%, 72.6% and 65.4% removal of RR198 was obtained for a concentration of 25, 50 and 100 mg/L, respectively, at a relatively short contact time of 30 minutes, and at optimum pH and NAC concentrations of 1 g/L. The experimental data for kinetic analysis illustrated a best fit to the pseudo-second-order model. The study data on equilibrium were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich models; the Langmuir equation provided the best fit for the data. Conclusion: Therefore, the NAC appears to be an efficient and appropriate adsorbent for the removal of reactive azo dyes from waste streams

    Application of supramolecular solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for trace monitoring of lead in food samples

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    In this study, an efficient sample treatment method based on supramolecular solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SM-DLLME) was applied for trace monitoring of lead by flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A supramolecular solvent comprising reverse micelles of 1-decanol in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was created by injection of these solvents into the aqueous sample solution. After injection of 1-decanol : THF mixtures into the sample solution, nanomicelles were produced in an ultrasonic bath and the lead-dithizone complex was extracted to the supramolecular phase at optimized pH. The solution was centrifuged and the metal complex formed was extracted into the supramolecular solvent phase. The detection limit for lead ions was 0.4 μg L-1 under the optimized separation conditions. The relative standard deviations for six extraction analysis of 3, 10 and 100 μg L-1 of lead ions were 4.8, 4.5 and 4.1. Finally, SM-DLLME was successfully applied for trace monitoring of lead ions in agricultural and food samples. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry
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