Receipt for payment from John Cocke to City Hotel, Mobile, Alabama, February 19, 1839

This document is part of the John Cocke papers that contains the personal, business, and legal papers of this 19th century Marengo County, Alabama, plantation owner, who not only managed his own plantation but also served as an agent for various family members. Financial papers consist of receipts from grocers and suppliers detailing purchases (including slave purchases); account books for his blacksmith shop; and labor accounts with payroll. There are cotton records that contain correspondence as well as accounts

Consensual design of strategies for enhancing sustainable land use and ist benefit to implement multifunctional landscapes Shown by the GRANO (Approaches for Sustainable Agricultural Land Use in the North-east of Germany) participation processes

'An important base for the implementation of multifunctional land use is the involvement of relevant stakeholders, in consideration of their interests, possibilities and impediments. Research projects and activities for the development of multifunctional landscapes should involve relevant stakeholders in all project-phases, from the situation-analysis up to the implementation of project results. Therefore new approaches in participatory action-research and transferable methods have to be developed. The present article illustrates the role of stakeholder participation in the present transdisciplinary research-program GRANO. The research-program itself and the applied participation methods are described and evaluation criteria are set. The participation process is illustrated by the project example 'agro-environmental extension'. Project experiences underlay the hypothesis that consensual designed strategies support the implementation of multifunctional land use.' (author's abstract)Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der Partizipationsprozesse der GRANO (Ansaetze fuer eine dauerhaft umweltgerechte landwirtschaftliche Produktion: Modellgebiet Nordost-Deutschland) die Bedeutung von Konsensstrategien in Zusammenhang mit nachhaltiger Landnutzung. Eine wichtige Grundlage fuer die Implementierung der Multifunktionsflaechennutzung ist die Miteinbeziehung der relevanten Interessengruppen mit ihren Interessen, Moeglichkeiten und Hindernissen. Forschungsprojekte und Aktivitaeten zur Entwicklung von Multifunktionslandschaften sollten relevante Interessengruppen in alle Projektphasen, von der Situationsanalyse bis zur Implementierung der Projektresultate, mit einbeziehen. Aus diesem Grund muessen neue Ansaetze in der partizipativen Aktionsforschung und uebertragbare Methoden entwickelt werden. Der vorliegende Artikel veranschaulicht die Partizipation der Interessensgruppen bei dem interdisziplinaeren Forschungsprogramm GRANO. Das Forschungsprogramm selbst und die angewandten Partizipationsmethoden werden beschrieben und die Auswertungskriterien vorgestellt. Der Partizipationsprozess wird durch ein Projektbeispiel veranschaulicht. Projekterfahrungen unterliegen der Hypothese, dass entworfene Konsensstrategien die Implementierung der Multifunktionslandnutzung stuetzen. (ICDUebers)German title: Konsensorientiertes Design von Strategien zur Foerderung nachhaltiger Landnutzung und die Vorteile dieses Designs bei der Schaffung multifunktionaler Landschaften: der Partizipationsprozess im Rahmen von GRANO (Ansaetze fuer eine dauerhaft umweltgerechAvailable from http://www.zalf.de/grano/publikation/Boeckmann et.al2001.pdf / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Kidney transplantation under a tolerogenic regimen of recipient pretreatment and low-dose postoperative immunosuppression with subsequent weaning. Ann Surg

Objective: The purpose of this work was to perfonn kidney transplantation under a regimen of immunosuppression that facilitates rather than interferes with the recently defined mechanisms of allo(;ngraftment and acquired tolerance. Summary Background Data: In almost all centers, mUltiple immunosuppressive agents are given in large doses after kidney transplantation in an attempt to reduce the incidence of acute rejection to near zero. With the elucidation of the mechanisms of alloengraftment and acquired tolerance. it was realized that such heavy prophylactic immunosuppression could systematically subvert the clonal exhaustion-deletion that is the seminal mechanism of tolerance. In addition. it has been established that the rejection response can be made more readily treatable by pretransplant immunosuppression. Consequently, we conducted kidney transplantation in compliance with 2 therapeutic principles: recipient pretreatment and the least possible use of posttransplant immunosuppression. Methods: One-hundred fifty unselected renal transplant recipients wi th a mean age of 51 ::!: 15 years and multiple risk factors had pretreatment with approximately 5 mg/kg of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (Thymoglobulin) in the hours before transplantation, under cowring bolus doses of prednisone to prevent cytokine reactions. Minimal posttransplant immunosuppression was with tacrolimus monotherapy to which steroids or other agents were added only for the treatment of rejection. At or after 4 months after transplant, spaced-dose weaning from tacrolimus monotherapy was begun in patients who had exhibited a ~atisfactory course. Results: One-year actuarial patient and graft survival was 97% and 92%, respectively. Although the incidence of early aCllte rejection was 37%, only 7% required prolonged treatment with any agent other than tacrolimus. After a follow-up of 6 to 21 months, the mean serum creatinine in patients with functioning grafts is 1.8 ::!: 1.0 mg/dL. Seventy-three percent of the patients met the cnteria for spaced weaning. Although rejection episodes occasionally required restoration of daily treatment, 94 (630;;» of the 150 patients currently receive tacrolimus in spaced doses ranging from every other day to once a week. Conclusions: With this approach to immunosuppression. it has been possible to avoid early posttransplant overimmunosuppressiun and thereby to promote the evolution of a degree of partial tolerance sufficient to undertake substantial dose reduction. The strategy, which is applicable for all organ grafts, constitutes a paradigm shift in transplant management at our center