Potential of recycled powder from clay brick, sanitary ware, and concrete waste as a cement substitute for concrete: An overview

As demand for cement-based products increases worldwide, more and more of our planet's finite natural resources are being consumed, creating more and more construction waste. Concerned about the depletion of reserves, the loss of green forests, and the accumulation of waste that poses a threat to the environment, researchers have looked at the possibilities of using renewable resources as cement substitutes. One possible solution to the environmental pollution engendered by construction and demolition waste (CDW) from clay brick, sanitary ware, and concrete is to use them as binders in concrete. This review focuses on one specific use of cementitious materials: the powder made from clay brick, sanitary ware, and concrete waste. Based on the findings of several studies, the physical and chemical features of recycled powder from clay brick, sanitary ware, and concrete debris are discussed. The results of previous tests showed that the use of an appropriate amount of finely ground clay bricks and sanitary ceramics with high silica content enhances the strength and durability of concrete. Regarding the use of recycled powder from concrete, the results showed unsatisfactory mechanical and durability properties. However, with suitable treatment methods, comparable or even higher mechanical properties can be achieved. To maintain a lush green environment and create a clean environment for the formation of sustainable cities and towns, the majority of researchers support the idea of using waste with high silica content as an alternative binder for the production of concrete products

Properties of sustainable concrete containing recycled fine aggregate as partial sand replacement

River sand, one of the ingredients for concrete when harvested uncontrollably from the river would cause destruction to the river environment. At the same time, the increasing concrete waste disposed at dumpsite after generated from construction and demolition activity causes environmental pollution. The approach of recycling concrete waste for use as a mixing component in concrete production would lessen the heavy reliance on natural sand supplies and lower the amount of concrete waste disposed. The current study investigates the effect of recycled fine aggregate obtained from concrete waste as sand replacement on concrete's workability, compressive strength, and water absorption. Five mixtures were made using varying amounts of recycled fine aggregate (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight of sand). All specimens were subjected to water curing. Three types test were conducted namely slump test, compressive strength test and water absorption test. Findings show that the integration of recycled fine aggregate up to 20% produces concrete with the targeted strength of 40MPa. Furthermore, the water absorption of the mixes is less than 3%, allowing it to be classified as good quality. Success in blending recycled fine aggregate in concrete production would contribute to saving river sand consumption and lesser concrete waste for a cleaner environment

Effect of crushed clay brick as partial fine aggregate replacement on properties of concrete

The continuous construction activity increases the demand for concrete production. At the same time, the construction and demolition activity also generate solid waste which is disposed of at landfills. The approach of discarding waste such as concrete waste, brick waste, and timber waste pollutes the environment. Thus, the present research investigates the effect of integrating local clay brick waste as a partial fine aggregate replacement on the properties of concrete. Several concrete mixes were prepared by integrating various percentages of crushed clay brick ranging from 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% as partial sand replacement in concrete. All specimens were subjected to continuous water curing until the testing date which is 7 days and 28 days. The finding shows that the use of up to 10% crushed clay brick successfully enhances the compressive strength of concrete. The water absorption of concrete increase as larger content of crushed clay brick waste is integrated in the mix. Basically, the use of clay brick waste in concrete would help to reduce dependency on river sand supply for concrete manufacturing and promote a cleaner environment

Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Concrete Containing Ground Coal Bottom Ash as Partial Cement Replacement

Growing coal consumption at power plants due to the rising demand for energy results in coal bottom ash waste generation. The disposal of this ash at landfills is consume space and poses a risk of pollution to the environment. Channelling this waste to produce blended cement would reduce the consumption of raw materials from nature and decrease greenhouse gas releases. This research aims to investigate the effect of ground coal bottom ash (GCBA) as partial cement replacement on compressive strength and water absorption of concrete. The proportion of coal bottom ash integrated ranges from 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% (by weight of binder). All specimens were water-cured until the testing day. Integration of 10% coal bottom ash produces concrete with enhanced compressive strength. The presence of silica has enabled the occurrence of pozzolanic reactions that contribute to the well-packed internal structure of concrete with enhanced compressive strength and lower water absorption. Success in utilizing coal bottom ash for cement production would reduce the harvesting of limestone from the environment and waste disposed of at landfills

Effect of elevated temperature on mechanical properties of normal strength concrete: An overview

Concrete is frequently used in construction owing to its advantageous mechanical characteristics, including its high compressive strength, durability, workability, and fire resistance. Nevertheless, sustained exposure to fire can result in these qualities deteriorating, which poses a serious risk to concrete buildings. As a result, it is critical that researchers investigate how exposure to fire affects the mechanical characteristics of concrete in order to address this problem. Temperature, environmental conditions, the composition of the concrete mixture, and other factors all have an impact on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of concrete. This work seeks to give an overview of how exposure to fire affects the mechanical characteristics of concrete and to highlight areas that require further research. According to the study, there are three main stages that normal concrete strength goes through. The first stage sees a slight increase in strength between 20 and 300°Celsius, followed by a sharp decrease between 300 and 800°Celsius, and finally a complete loss of strength above 800°. Moreover, the fire response of concrete is strongly influenced by factors including the kind of aggregate, moisture content, concrete grade, additives, heating rate, and heating time. By making optimal use of admixtures, the fire behavior can be significantly improved

A review on the utilization of ceramic tile waste as cement and aggregates replacement in cement based composite and a bibliometric assessment

The scientific community recognizes that the depletion of natural resources and solid waste management pose inherent challenges in building material production and disposal, particularly in concrete manufacture and deconstruction. Recycling and reusing construction waste is proposed as a solution to these issues in the literature. Repurposing waste materials as additives in concrete represents an alternative approach. For instance, ceramic tile waste (CTW) may replace a portion of the aggregate and cement used in concrete. This study extensively examines the literature on cement-based composites that utilize CTW in lieu of cement and aggregate. A thorough evaluation of mechanical, durability, and fresh properties is conducted. The physical and chemical attributes of CTW are based on extensive scientific research. Prior studies suggest that the use of ceramic tile aggregate (CTA) to concrete in the appropriate proportions could enhance its durability and strength. Finely ground ceramic tile powder (CTP) with high silica content can potentially enhance the strength and durability of concrete, according to prior research studies. The impact of CTP on the chemical resistance, drying shrinkage and fire resistance abilities of concrete are subsequently evaluated. Employing waste materials as a concrete component in a circular economy to promote environmental protection and the development of sustainable cities and communities has received broad support from the academic community

A review on the utilization of ceramic tile waste as cement and aggregates replacement in cement based composite and a bibliometric assessment

The scientific community recognizes that the depletion of natural resources and solid waste management pose inherent challenges in building material production and disposal, particularly in concrete manufacture and deconstruction. Recycling and reusing construction waste is proposed as a solution to these issues in the literature. Repurposing waste materials as additives in concrete represents an alternative approach. For instance, ceramic tile waste (CTW) may replace a portion of the aggregate and cement used in concrete. This study extensively examines the literature on cement-based composites that utilize CTW in lieu of cement and aggregate. A thorough evaluation of mechanical, durability, and fresh properties is conducted. The physical and chemical attributes of CTW are based on extensive scientific research. Prior studies suggest that the use of ceramic tile aggregate (CTA) to concrete in the appropriate proportions could enhance its durability and strength. Finely ground ceramic tile powder (CTP) with high silica content can potentially enhance the strength and durability of concrete, according to prior research studies. The impact of CTP on the chemical resistance, drying shrinkage and fire resistance abilities of concrete are subsequently evaluated. Employing waste materials as a concrete component in a circular economy to promote environmental protection and the development of sustainable cities and communities has received broad support from the academic community