Sport Marketing: Reality and Hope in Jordan

Marketing is defined as the key used to achieve the objectives of the sport institution which is providing the market with its  needs . The consumers’ behaviour towards the athletic product leads to what is known as the appearance of the sport marketing . Therefore ,sport marketing started to be as an independent science that has its own identity.  Sport has become an attractive element in the world of globalization . Many elements attract the consumers towards the athletic product more and more as a result of the world of competition between the institutions that get interested in sport as a field of business. This trend gives the priority to  understand the processes of sport production and specialized marketing regarding this field as a mechanism to create a position to the sport product in the Market . Sport marketing in Jordan  has not reached the level of significance yet and the ability to get benefit of the available opportunities regarding sport production is still absent. The problem that Jordan faces in marketing  is that how to market the product and encourage the consumer to buy it. So many plans were proposed to face the competitors and many strategies were  put to meet the consumers’ desires and needs. And as a result , sport sector started to develop rapidly where many specializations appeared looking for who consume them and ask for them. Keywords : marketing – sport marketing –sport production-Marketing Mi

New Discovery of Fe - Mn Mineralization along Abu Asal Fault Dead Sea Area, Central Jordan

This work is describing a new discovery of iron - manganese deposit in central Jordan. The geology and mineralogy of Lower Cretaceous Kurnub sandstone hosted Fe- Mn mineralization in the area of Wadi Abu Asal was investigated. The mineralization is interesting as it's restricted to the Neogene NNE-SSW trending fault zone, which is related and parallel to the major Dead Sea fault system. In addition, it is outcropping in an area that compresses many hot springs and geothermal indications. The vein type mineralization is the dominating feature, which indicated an epigenetic mineralization. The major oxides geochemistry reveals the hydrothermal origin of the ore, were Fe and Mn have negative correlation with Si and Ca, which are the main elements forming the minerals of the hosting rocks. The mineral phases of iron deposit are the goethite and magnetite. Keywords: Fe-mineralization; Jordan, hydrothermal, veins, goethite; magnetit

Enhancing Water Resource Management in Arid Areas, Disi Basin -Jordan

Abstract: Water shortage is a main issue in Jordan as the annual share per capita is less than 145 cubic meters that categorizes Jordan as one of the top five poorest countries in the world in respect to fresh water resources. Limited financial and natural resources and water shortage play significant constraint to development; concurrently the population growth is 2.3%, in addition to large number of refugees from neighboring countries since 1948. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) including implementation of decision support tools is necessary to balance the present demand and future generations. Decision support system software based on Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) used to analyze multiple variables associated with agricultural crops. The MCA utilized Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) which resulted in the prioritization of sustainable water policies for management in the Disi Basin (the biggest non renewable ground water basin in Jordan). The inputs to the MCA were generated through applying of Modflow (groundwater), Penman Montieth models and the estimated water productivity of agricultural and industrial sectors. The use of MCA led to develop good management practices of water resources and also recommended how to enhance a long-term sustainability in Disi Basin, while allowing for water utilization and economic growth. It can be concluded that the MCA tool and AHP are potentially positive tools contributing to the process of decision-making for selection and ranking of alternatives and policies, therefore helping in solving problems and sustaining the management of the precious water resources

The Extent of Adopting a Hierarchical Interpretative Structure by the ILC in Arts 31-2 of the VCLT to Remove the Legal Uncertainty from Treaty Interpretation

Treaty interpretation is a matter of legal uncertainty because of not having a hierarchical structure to regulate implementing interpretative rules. Therefore, Some interpretative schools, such as the textual, the contextual and the objective and purpose are emerged; each school believes its approach the most effective to achieve the goal from treaty interpretation. Although the ILC sought to resolve this uncertainty through codifying interpretative norms in Articles 31 and 332 of the VCLT, it is argued that the ILC failed in achieving this goal because of not codifying a hierarchical structure to regulate applying interpretative norms. Nonetheless, reviewing ILC’s relevant reports and the United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties 1968 leads to reach a hierarchical structure regulates implementing interpretative rules. This structure stipulates firstly resorting to the textual approach; however, if the text is insufficient, the contextual approach shall be directly resorted to. Regarding the purpose and objective approach, it shall not be implemented in isolation from other approaches to avoid exploiting it to achieve self-interests. Regarding supplementary means, they can be exclusively used to either confirm reached interpretations by the aforementioned approaches or to decide which meaning is correct when these aforementioned approaches lead to either obscure or ambiguous meanings or to unreasonable or unclear result

The Structure of Management Information System and its Impact on the Management of the Corona Crisis in Jordanian Universities

Purpose: This paper aims to identify the impact of structuring management information systems in managing the Corona crisis in Jordanian universities.   Theoretical Framework: This paper discusses the impact of structuring management information systems in Jordanian universities in managing the Corona crisis. In addition, how has the organizational and administrative structure of Jordanian universities impacted the management of the Corona crisis? and the role of technical structuring in Jordanian university crisis management?   Design/methodology/approach: The population of this study include all public and private Jordanian universities, and the sample consisted of (384) respondents from the deans of academic faculties, heads of departments, and members of the teaching staff in these universities, this paper considered one of the field research in which the researcher followed the descriptive analytical method,  The data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences  program, and the hypotheses were tested using arithmetic means, standard deviation, and multiple and simple linear regression analysis.   Findings: The results showed a statistically significant effect of the elements of the structuring of management information systems (organizational, administrative and technical structuring) in managing the Corona crisis in Jordanian universities, and it was found that the universities responded immediately to contain the Corona crisis by the way of distributing tasks in a short period when it occurs, and as periodic meetings were held to prepare to deal with the Corona crisis.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The structuring of management information systems plays a major role in the growth and development of the global economy. Therefore, management information systems and its various tools have become the mainstay and technical base for advancement in the field of e-business, telecommunications, e-commerce, and e-government.     Originality/value: This study sheds light on the degree to which Jordanian private universities (student community) keep up with contemporary administrative systems, concepts, and models, in particular with regard to the impact of structuring management information systems in managing the Corona crisis in Jordanian private universities, which are regarded as one of the interdisciplinary research centers in the world

Fiscal Policy Interaction with Private Investment: The Case of Jordan

The purpose of this study was to find the impact of fiscal policy on private investment in Jordan. Stepwise regression method was utilized for this purpose. The model expresses private investment (PI) as a function of various levels and components of fiscal policy that include current expenditure (CE), capital expenditure (CI), internal public debt (IPD), external public debt (EPD), and tax revenue (TR). The statistical results indicate that the most effective variable on private investment in Jordan is current expenditure. We found that the coefficient of determination = 0.78 which is reflect the importance of this variable on private investment in Jordan. Recommendations were given based on results

The Role of the Constitutional Court in Protecting the Rights and Freedoms of Individuals: A Case Study of Jordan

Establishing the constitutional court is seen as a key demand for displaying the democratic states. In Jordanian context, the high court as well as the regular courts of justice delivered some various decisions insisting on the judicial review issue on the administrative actions and the law constitutionality. This study aims to identify the constitutional courts’ role in protecting the freedoms and rights of individuals. Also, it attempts to provide an in-depth analysis of the new constitutional courts in Jordanian Kingdom regarding to its own functions that are being found in the constitution and to provide some oversights that are associated to the constitutionality of regulations and laws in powers, and interpret the constitution’ provisions. This research found that the available provisions concerning the court procedures and the followed methods to undertake its own judicial works serving as the protectors in which they strengthen the constitutional court role in promoting the freedoms and rights of individuals. The study also found, for fulfilling these freedoms and rights for individuals some elements have to be highlighted such as the role of lawyers, judges and population’ awareness. In addition, the investigation high lighted the main vision behind what has been expected by this new Jordanian constitutional court and other courts with regard to defending human rights’ field keeping in mind the contemporary threats facing the entire world that increased among individuals in many places and the fears that their basic human rights could be a subject to the serious violations and attacks. Keywords: Constitutional Court, Jordan, Freedoms, Rights, Citizens DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/94-15 Publication date: February 29th 2020  

The Legitimacy of Using Cross-Border Force to Counter-Terrorism before and after September 11 Attacks in the Light of the Right of Self-Defense

The international community has allowed counter-terrorism by the use of cross-border force in the twenty first century as a respond to September 11 attacks to eliminate terrorism that has constituted a serious threat to the international peace and security. It is argued that the use of cross-border force violates article 2(4) of the Charter of the UN that stipulates the refrain from the threat or the use of force in international relations to prevent the intervention in internal and external affairs and protect the territorial integrity, sovereignty and political independence of state members. Indeed, the international community before September 11 attacks rejected the use of force as a respond to terrorist attacks by asserting the context of article 2(4) and limiting the authority of using force under the right of self-defence, which is referred in article 51 of the Charter of the UN, to counter current armed attacks that did not include terrorist attacks. Nonetheless, the international community after September 11 attacks has admitted the use of cross-border force to counter-terrorism by activating the right of anticipatory self-defence and considering terrorism as imminent threat of armed attack. However, this has undermined the obligation of refrain from the intervention in internal and external affairs and protect the territorial integrity, sovereignty and political independence of state members, according to article 2(4). Also, powerful states may misuse this authority by a way threats the stability of other states, when the former invokes counter-terrorism as a reason to use power against other states in order invade the latter’s territories by derogating from article 2(4) of the Charter of the UN. Keywords: September 11 Attacks, Counter-Terrorism, Self-Defens

Implantable Biosensor Interface Platform for Monitoring of Atherosclerosis

The drug-eluting stents (DESs) have been considered as an effective technique to reduce the severity of atherosclerotic stenosis. Recent technological advances have opened the door for developing new and innovative smart cardiovascular stents by integrating various electronics components and sensors to improve health monitoring and diagnosis. Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque represents the major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as heart attacks due to blockages of the arterial lumen. Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is a novel localized inflammatory biomarker associated with the development of atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability. In this paper, we propose a biosensor interface platform for monitoring the plaque vulnerability via detection and prediction of the inflammatory biomarker (PTX3). We propose mathematical and stochastic models using molecular communication paradigm for detection of Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) molecules in the atherosclerotic arterial wall using biosensor attached to a vascular stent inside the artery. The proposed platform and models can help in the localized sensing of the atherosclerotic biomarkers for monitoring of the plaque progression and for early warning of certain disorders such as heart attack