Excess stroke in Mexican Americans compared with non-Hispanic Whites: the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project.

Mexican Americans are the largest subgroup of Hispanics, the largest minority population in the United States. Stroke is the leading cause of disability and third leading cause of death. The authors compared stroke incidence among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Whites in a population-based study. Stroke cases were ascertained in Nueces County, Texas, utilizing concomitant active and passive surveillance. Cases were validated on the basis of source documentation by board-certified neurologists masked to subjects\u27 ethnicity. From January 2000 to December 2002, 2,350 cerebrovascular events occurred. Of the completed strokes, 53% were in Mexican Americans. The crude cumulative incidence was 168/10,000 in Mexican Americans and 136/10,000 in non-Hispanic Whites. Mexican Americans had a higher cumulative incidence for ischemic stroke (ages 45-59 years: risk ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.55, 2.69; ages 60-74 years: risk ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.31, 1.91; ages \u3eor=75 years: risk ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.94, 1.32). Intracerebral hemorrhage was more common in Mexican Americans (age-adjusted risk ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 2.16). The subarachnoid hemorrhage age-adjusted risk ratio was 1.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.86, 2.89). Mexican Americans experience a substantially greater ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage incidence compared with non-Hispanic Whites. As the Mexican-American population grows and ages, measures to target this population for stroke prevention are critical

An Eye tracking Study of Arabic Typography Readability

This paper presents an eye tracking study on the readability of Arabic typography. This study examined passages containing two Arabic fonts at three different sizes for differences in readability of electronic texts when read by native Arabic readers. Eye movements of participants were recorded to measure the gaze direction and duration. Findings suggest that larger fonts are easier and faster to read than the recommended 12point font in English texts. Implications for the design of electronic texts are discussed

Comparison of user responses to english and arabic emotion elicitation video clips

To study the variation in emotional responses to stimuli, different methods have been developed to elicit emotions in a replicable way. Using video clips has been shown to be the most effective stimuli. However, the differences in cultural backgrounds lead to different emotional responses to the same stimuli. Therefore, we compared the emotional response to a commonly used emotion eliciting video clips from the Western culture on Saudi culture with an initial selection of emotion eliciting Arabic video clips. We analysed skin physiological signals in response to video clips from 29 Saudi participants. The results of the validated English video clips and the initial Arabic video clips are comparable, which suggest that a universal capability of the English set to elicit target emotions in Saudi sample, and that a refined selection of Arabic emotion elicitation clips would improve the capability of inducing the target emotions with higher levels of intensity

Examining visual attention of dyslexics on web navigation structures with eye tracking

In this paper, we describe an exploratory experiment in which visual attention on the web is compared for people with different cognitive abilities. Eye tracking can measure the direction, sequence and duration of a web user’s gaze over time. Eye movements of participants, with and without dyslexia, were recorded by means of a remote eye tracking device. Participants completed nine tasks on each of six different web sites. Findings indicate marked differences between the visual scan paths of dyslexic and non-dyslexic web users. Results also provide insights as to how eye tracking can be applied to assess the usability of interfaces for people with special needs and inform the design of accessible interactive systems

Review and Classification of Emotion Recognition Based on EEG Brain-Computer Interface System Research: A Systematic Review

Recent developments and studies in brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies have facilitated emotion detection and classification. Many BCI studies have sought to investigate, detect, and recognize participants’ emotional affective states. The applied domains for these studies are varied, and include such fields as communication, education, entertainment, and medicine. To understand trends in electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition system research and to provide practitioners and researchers with insights into and future directions for emotion recognition systems, this study set out to review published articles on emotion detection, recognition, and classification. The study also reviews current and future trends and discusses how these trends may impact researchers and practitioners alike. We reviewed 285 articles, of which 160 were refereed journal articles that were published since the inception of affective computing research. The articles were classified based on a scheme consisting of two categories: research orientation and domains/applications. Our results show considerable growth of EEG-based emotion detection journal publications. This growth reflects an increased research interest in EEG-based emotion detection as a salient and legitimate research area. Such factors as the proliferation of wireless EEG devices, advances in computational intelligence techniques, and machine learning spurred this growth

Applying the Retrospective Think-Aloud Protocol in Usability testing with Children: Seeing Through Children's Eyes

This paper describes a study of usability testing with children in which stimulated retrospective probing was examined to determine its efficacy and usefulness. Ten children were involved in the evaluation of two different web sites. The session involved tracking their eyes as they conducted four tasks, two navigational and two informational tasks. Accuracy and efficiency and eye movement metrics were collected, and child participants rated their subjective satisfaction with the sites. Retrospective probing was conducted to elicit verbalizations of problems that children experienced in their use of these sites. The retrospective think-aloud (RTA) protocol was used along with eye gaze replay in post-session interviews. Findings show that the stimulated RTA protocol with eyetracking is effective in eliciting explanatory information about what children attend to in usability evaluations and how they process information, and how children arrived at a target element or solution. Implications for usability practitioners are discussed

A Retrospective Analysis of the COVID-19 Infodemic in Saudi Arabia

COVID-19 has had broad disruptive effects on economies, healthcare systems, governments, societies, and individuals. Uncertainty concerning the scale of this crisis has given rise to countless rumors, hoaxes, and misinformation. Much of this type of conversation and misinformation about the pandemic now occurs online and in particular on social media platforms like Twitter. This study analysis incorporated a data-driven approach to map the contours of misinformation and contextualize the COVID-19 pandemic with regards to socio-religious-political information. This work consists of a combined system bridging quantitative and qualitative methodologies to assess how information-exchanging behaviors can be used to minimize the effects of emergent misinformation. The study revealed that the social media platforms detected the most significant source of rumors in transmitting information rapidly in the community. It showed that WhatsApp users made up about 46% of the source of rumors in online platforms, while, through Twitter, it demonstrated a declining trend of rumors by 41%. Moreover, the results indicate the second-most common type of misinformation was provided by pharmaceutical companies; however, a prevalent type of misinformation spreading in the world during this pandemic has to do with the biological war. In this combined retrospective analysis of the study, social media with varying approaches in public discourse contributes to efficient public health responses