Studying Association between Thyroid Disorders and Helicobacter pylori infection in Iraqi Patients

This study was aimed to investigate the association between thyroid disorder and Helicobacter pylori infection in 122 patients (100 females and 22 males )and for comparison, 60 healthy individuals (31females and 29 males),who had no thyroid disorder, were also included in the study. Blood samples were collected from both patients and the healthier individuals. Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) technique through using Vitek Immuno Diagnostic Assay System (VIDAS) was applied to measure levels of the thyroid hormones (tri-iodothyronine T3, tetra-iodothyroxine T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). From the results obtained, patients were classified into three groups: 40 were considered as belonging to the controlled group (26 females and 14 males), 57 to the hypothyroidism group (52 females and 5 males) and25 belonged to hyperthyroidism group (22 females and 3 males). On the other hand, highest incidence rate of thyroidism was recorded in the age group of (30-39)yrs. 19.67% , followed by (40-49)yrs. with 24.59% and(50-59)yrs. with 18.03%. When concentration and presence of anti -Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies in the human blood samples were detected and measured by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorrbent Assay (ELISA) technique , the results were showed high prevalence rates of H. pylori infection were detected in the hypothyroidism patients (94.07%), while the lowest prevalence rates were recorded in the healthy individuals ( 66.7%).Statistical analysis of anti –Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies distribution among both healthy and thyroidism patients showed that highly significant differences at p < 0.01 were found between thyroid disorders patients groups

Studying the Optimum Conditions of ‎Hygromycin B Production and Detect their ‎Toxicity

تم استخلاص ال hygromycin B بأستخدام خلات الاثيل, فُصل المحتوى العضوي عن المائي في راشح المزرعه البكتيرية السائلة, واعطى المحتوى المائي فقط فعالية حيوية بأستخدام تقنية الأنتشار في الحفر على سطح الأغر (Agar well diffusion technique) عند تركيز25ملغم/مل (كمستخلص خام) , اعطى هذا الطور فعالية حيوية ضد مجموعة من الاحياء المجهرية اشتملت على بكتريا واحدة موجبة لغرام (Staphylococcus aureus) وخمس سالبة لغرام Pseudomonas aeruginosa) , Proteus mirabilis,, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae , Salmonella typhi) و خميرة واحدة( (Saccharomyces&nbsp; cerevisiae. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; عند الكشف عن ال hygromycin B aminoglycoside &nbsp;&nbsp;بأستخدام&nbsp; كروموتوغرافيا الطبقه الرقيقه لتأكيد وجود المضاد الحيوي, تم الحصول على نفس معدل الجريان (Rf) 0.357 للـ hygromycin B القياسي . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; اظهرت نتائج الظروف المثلى للوسط الزرعي البكتيري ان اعلى فعالية حيوية للـ hygromycin B&nbsp; تم الحصول عليها عند الرقم الهيدروجيني 8&nbsp; والحضن بحرارة 35 م° لمدة 10 ايام. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; تمت دراسة التأثير السمي للـ hygromycin B على كبد الفئران المختبرية وأظهرت تغيرات طفيفه على انسجة كبد الفأر.Hygromycin B was extracted with ethyl acetate, which separates organic phase from aqueous phase in the broth culture filtrate, only the aqueous phase showed significant antimicrobial activity by using agar well diffusion technique. At a concentration of 25mg/ml (as crude extract), this phase excreted its activity against the test microorganisms which include; one G(+) bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), five G(–) bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi) and one yeast (Saccharomyces&nbsp; cerevisiae).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; After detecting the aminoglycoside hygromycin B by the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method to ensure presence of the antibiotic, same flow rate (Rf) value (0.357) as that of the standard hygromycin B was obtained. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Results of the optimization conditions showed that the highest antimicrobial activity of hygromycin B was obtained at a medium pH of 8 and incubation temperature of 35°C for 10 days. When the toxicity of hygromycin B crude extract under such conditions was examined on mice liver, a mild effects were appeare

Production of Lettuce Edible Vaccine for Cholera Disease Using Chloroplast Genetic Engineering.

Lettuce is one of the most important edible plant worldwide. At the timethat lettuce isthe candidate plant to carry the foreign vaccine gene forhuman. The B subunits of toxin of Vibrio cholerae(CTB) are candidatevaccine antigens. This research was conduct to express CTB gene in lettucechloroplast. Genesrequired in this study were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)technique using specific forward and reverse primers, and these genes wereCTB, BADH, prrnpromoter and many other regulatory genes. Some ofthese genes were isolated from their hosts and some were obtained fromprevious work available at Daniell laboratory. All these genes beside manytechniques for ligation, extension, sequencing, orientation confirmationwere used to construct the cassette vector pLS-BADH-LS-CTB whichcarries the gene of interest. In this work the CTB gene with BADH genewere transferred to the chloroplast of lettuce plant and selection oftransgenic plant was performed on the MS medium containing BA andNaCl without any antibiotic selectable marker. Integration of an unmodifiedCTB-coding sequence into chloroplast genomes (up to 1000 copies per cell)resulted in the accumulation of up to 6.2% of total soluble lettuce leavesprotein as functional oligomers (620-fold higher expression levels than thatof the unmodified CTB gene expressed via the nuclear genome). PCR andSouthern blot analyses confirmed stable integration of the CTB gene andBADH gene into the chloroplast genome in addition to the integration in theright orientation and in specific region between trnaI rnA.Western blotanalysis showed that the chloroplast synthesized CTB assembled intooligomers and were antigenically identical with purified native CT

Improvement of Lactuca sativa slat Tolerance by Plastid Transformation with BADH Gene

Salinity is one of the major factors that limits geographical distribution of plants and adversely affects crop productivity and quality.Here high-level expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) was reported in cultured explantsof lettuce via plastid genetic engineering. Lettuce (Lactucasativa) plant was primarilyexperimented for tolerance of betaine aldehyde (BA) and soudium chloride(NaCl) by tissue culture technique and it was found that the wild typelettuce tolerated 10 and 75 mM from each substance respectively. Genesrequired in this study were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)technique using specific forward and reverse primers, and these genes wereBADH, prrn promoter and many other regulatory genes. Some ofthese genes were isolated from their hosts and some were obtained fromprevious work available at Daniell laboratory. All these genes beside manytechniques for ligation, extension, sequencing, orientation confirmationwere used to construct the cassette vector pLS-BADH-LS whichcarries the gene of interest. Homoplasmic transgenic plants exhibiting high levels of salt tolerance were regenerated from bombarded cell cultures via somatic embryogenesis. Transgenic lettuce plants expressing BADH grew in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl (up to 150mM), the highest level of salt tolerance reported so far among genetically modified lettuce, and the tolerance to betaine aldehyde was 30 mM