Effectiveness of ClassDojo Program in Modifying the Behavior of the Basic Stage Students in Privet Schools

The study investigates the impact of using the ClassDojo Program to modify the behavior of the basic stage students in Jordan. To achieve the study objectives, the quasi-experimental approach is adopted for one group. The study sample consisting of one group of (44) boys and girls from the 3rd grade at Al-Hoffaz Academy in the Capital Governorate Amman is purposefully selected. A study instrument is developed, and its validity and reliability are ensured. The study is applied in the second semester of the academic year 2021/2022. The findings of the study indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the means of positive and negative behaviors in favor of the post-measurement, demonstrating the efficacy of using the ClassDojo Program to improve students\u27 positive behaviors and reduce negative ones. In light of the results, the study recommends using the Class Dojo Program in classrooms

The Effect of Brand Awareness on Brand Loyalty: Mediating Role of Brand Commitment

Academic literature in customer behavior and branding is still debatable, with respect to brand loyalty in particular. This study empirically attempts to discuss this particular issue by examining the relationship between brand awareness and brand loyalty. Also, it seeks to investigate the mediation role of brand commitment in initial relationship to tackle the mixed results in the prior attempts. The data were collected from customers of Islamic bank brand in Mafraq Governorate in Jordan. PLS-SEM techniques were applied to a sample of 90 customers to test hypothesized relationships. The results revealed that brand awareness and brand commitment have a significant and positive relationship with brand loyalty. In addition, brand commitment was found to be a mediator in the relationship between brand awareness and brand loyalty. This paper has discussed the results and an implication compared with prior versions as well as introducing some of recommendations for future research. Keywords: Brand loyalty, Brand awareness, Brand commitment

Assessment of novel hybrid treatment wetlands as nature-based solutions for pharmaceutical industry wastewater treatment

This study investigated the use of nature-based solutions for treating real pharmaceutical industry wastewater in Jordan. A pilot-scale hybrid treatment wetland (TW) equipped with local zeolite was employed, comprising a tidal flow TW and a horizontal subsurface flow TW. This system was efficient in treating pharmaceutical wastewater with removal efficiencies of 61.4%, 52.6%, 60.1%, and 61.9% for chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and NH4+-N, respectively. The final effluent met Jordanian standards for the reuse of treated wastewater in irrigation (Class B). Five pharmaceuticals, namely, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lincomycin, and trimethoprim, demonstrated nearly completed removal (93.6–99.9%). Moderated removal performances (59.2–68.2%) were observed for two compounds, flumequine and sulfaquinoxaline. However, three pharmaceuticals, namely, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfadimidine, showed limited removal performances (1.1–20.5%). This study supported the feasibility of using nature-based solutions for treating pharmaceutical wastewater and highlighted that future studies are required to optimize this strategy for removing a broader range of pharmaceuticals

Water–Energy Nexus: Addressing Stakeholder Preferences in Jordan

The water and energy sectors are fundamentally linked. In Jordan, especially in the face of a changing climate, the water–energy nexus holds a number of challenges but also opportunities. A key point in exploring synergies is the identification of such, as well as the communication between the water and energy sectors. This paper promotes the importance of using a co-creative approach to help resolve opposing views and assessing stakeholder preferences in the context of the water–energy nexus in Jordan. A computer-supported, co-creative approach was used to evaluate stakeholder preferences and opinions on criteria and future scenarios for the energy and water sector in Jordan, identifying common difficulties and possibilities. The criteria describe socio-ecological aspects as well as techno-economic aspects for both systems. Discussing a set of preliminary scenarios describing possible energy and water futures ranked under a set of sector relevant criteria, a consensus between both stakeholder groups is reached. The robustness of results is determined, using a second-order probabilistic approach. The results indicate that there are no fundamental conflicts between the energy and water stakeholder groups. Applying a participatory multi-stakeholder, multi-criteria framework to the energy-water nexus case in Jordan promotes a clear understanding of where different stakeholder groups stand. This understanding and agreement can form the basis of a joint water–energy nexus policy used in the continued negotiation process between and within national and international cooperation, as well as promoting and developing acceptable suggestions to solve complex problems for both sectors

On the crossroad – renewable energy sources or oil shale? Understanding patterns of social attitudes in Jordan

Energy policy in Jordan is a contested issue as several options for deployment of technologies exist. Oil shale and renewable energy sources are two energy generation technologies which are currently being intensively considered by the Jordanian energy policy process and there are oil shale and renewable energy projects which are currently in operation, in planning or in construction. Each of these options relates to various perceptions of risks and benefits of a given technology and has its opponents and supporters. Understanding of how inhabitants of communities where infrastructure is planned perceive these energy generation technologies is crucial as infrastructure will impact the life of the community and the feedback from the community can improve the deployment of infrastructure. The major focus of this paper is on attitudes of local communities where oil shale and renewable energies are in operation. To identify of how various environmental, technical, social and environmental factors influence attitudes including awareness and perceptions of these two energy generation technologies we conducted large scale surveys in four different communities of Jordan. Two of these communities (Ma’an and Tafileh) had renewable energy projects and other two communities (Lajoun and Attarat) had projects on oil shale extraction and power generation

Country Fact Sheet, Jordan: Energy and Development at a glance 2017

Jordan is experiencing steady economic growth, which is leading to improved living standards and a higher degree of urbanization. The country’s economic growth is linked to i) ongoing tendencies, such as increased population due to immigration and climate change impacts on, for instance, scarce water resources; and ii) growing energy demand, especially for electricity. Electricity, a necessary precondition for economic growth, is required for industrial development and transportation and for electricity-intensive technologies such as cooling and water desalination. Jordanian economic growth is also coupled with fossil fuel consumption, with the biggest share of the country’s electricity supply coming from imported fossil fuels. Because of the unstable political situation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and the volatility of energy prices, Jordan’s reliance on energy imports is threatening its security of supply. The Jordanian government is seeking alternatives to imported energy. Renewable energy sources are a high priority, with the government having set the target of reaching 10% of renewable energies in the final energy mix by 2020. While there are several strategies and action plans on how to reach this target, other options such as nuclear, natural gas, and exploration of offshore gas fields are also currently under discussion. Nuclear energy, for instance, could constitute 6% of the overall energy mix by 2020. Jordan has favorable conditions for renewable energies such as wind and solar. Even though the share of renewable energies is not currently significant, this could soon change, given that several projects for deployment of renewable energies are currently in the planning or implementation phases. The goal of this background report is to understand the socioeconomic and political context of the ongoing energy transition in Jordan. The background report is organized around the following questions: - What are the current socioeconomic challenges in Jordan? - What are the political background and framework conditions for participatory governance? - What is the energy context, including current supply and demand and the state of electricity transmission grids? - What is the institutional and regulatory structure of energy policy in Jordan? Addressing these questions is essential for understanding the feasibility of each of the nine technologies discussed in the MENA-SELECT project, including fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewables. It is also essential for understanding the human factors of the energy transition, such as the different views of the main stakeholder groups involved in the energy policy process

Are Energy Security Concerns Dominating Environmental Concerns? Evidence from Stakeholder Participation Processes on Energy Transition in Jordan

To satisfy Jordan’s growing demand for electricity and to diversify its energy mix, the Jordanian government is considering a number of electricity-generation technologies that would allow for locally available resources to be used alongside imported energy. Energy policy in Jordan aims to address both climate change mitigation and energy security by increasing the share of low-carbon technologies and domestically available resources in the Jordanian electricity mix. Existing technological alternatives include the scaling up of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind; the deployment of nuclear energy; and shale oil exploration. However, the views, perceptions, and opinions regarding these technologies—their benefits, risks, and costs—vary significantly among different social groups both inside and outside the country. Considering the large-scale policy intervention that would be needed to deploy these technologies, a compromise solution must be reached. This paper is based on the results of a four-year research project that included extensive stakeholder processes in Jordan, involving several social groups and the application of various methods of participatory governance research, such as multi-criteria decision-making. The results show the variety of opinions expressed and provide insights into each type of electricity-generation technology and its relevance for each stakeholder group. There is a strong prevalence of economic rationality in the results, given that electricity-system costs are prioritized by almost all stakeholder groups

The enerMENA Meteorological Network – Solar Radiation Measurements in the MENA Region

International audienceFor solar resource assessment of solar power plants and adjustment of satellite data, high accuracy measurement data of irradiance and ancillary meteorological data is needed. For the MENA region (Middle East and Northern Africa), which is of high importance for concentrating solar power applications, so far merely 2 publicly available ground measurement stations existed (BSRN network). This gap has been filled by ten stations in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan. In this publication the data quality is analyzed by evaluating data completeness and the cleanliness of irradiance sensors in comparison for all of the stations. The pyrheliometers have an average cleanliness of 99.2 % for week-daily cleaning. This is a 5 times higher effort than for Rotating Shadowband Irradiometer (RSI) stations which even have a slightly higher average cleanliness of 99.3 % for weekly cleaning. Furthermore, RSI stations show a data completeness of 99.4 % compared to 93.6 % at the stations equipped with thermal sensors. The results of this analysis are used to derive conclusions concerning instrument choice and are hence also applicable to other solar radiation measurements outside the enerMENA network. It turns out that RSIs are the more reliable and robust choice in cases of high soiling, rare station visits for cleaning and maintenance, as usual in desert sites. Furthermore, annual direct normal and global horizontal irradiation as well as average meteorological parameters are calculated for all of the stations