Frequency of IgG Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Iraqi Patients with Stroke

Objective: To examine the presence of Immunoglobulin G type of anti-cardiolipin (ACL), anti-β2GPI  and antiphospholipids (aPL) antibody in Iraqi patients with cerebrovascular diseases especially ischemic stroke. Methods: Immunoglobulin G type of antiphospholipid antibodies (beta 2-glycoprotein I [B2-GPI]), anti phosphatidyl serine, cardiolipin, anti phosphatidyl inositol and anti phosphatidic acid were ivestigated in 67 patients with ischemic stroke (aged between 20 to 90 years) during an three months period from October 2015 to January 2016 in Al-Zahra and  AL-Karama Hospitals, Wassit, Iraq. The clinical, laboratory and demographic characteristics of patients with a positive results were registered. Results: One man and six women (seven patients, 10.49%) had increased IgG types of antiphospholipid antibodies. Increased titers of IgG for anticardiolipin was  observed in eight (11.94%) and seven (10.49%) of patients were positive to anti- β2GPI. Conclusion: In spite of  the different studies in the Europe, elevated titers of IgG antiphospholipid antibodies present in a large number of patients can be resulted from the existence of unidentified triggering agents (poisons and infections), that are more common in developing countries in comparison to developed countries. This hypothesis still need  to more and more investigation in the future, in our country the morbidity is too high because of the repeated wars

The role of IL-8 as macrophage activation and C-reactive protein in disease prognosis of coronavirus disease-2019 patients

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) may cause multi-organ involvement due to viral-induced hyper inflammation. In coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID19) cases, hyper inflammation is associated with the severity of the disease[1]. High levels of circulating cytokines were reported in severe COVID-19 patients[2, 3]. Illness prognosis and severity are predicted by interleukin-8 (IL-8) in COVID-19 patients, as well as its function as a powerful chemo attractant and activator of monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, which may attract neutrophils to infected regions and has been linked to tissue damage[4, 5]. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been identified as an essential marker that changes dramatically in severe COVID-19 patients. CRP is a liver protein that acts as an early indicator of infection and inflammation. [6

The Role of IL-8 as Macrophage Activation and C-reactive Protein in Disease Prognosis of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Patients

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) may cause multi-organ involvement due to viral-induced hyper inflammation. In coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID19) cases, hyper inflammation is associated with the severity of the disease[1]. High levels of circulating cytokines were reported in severe COVID-19 patients[2, 3]. Illness prognosis and severity are predicted by interleukin-8 (IL-8) in COVID-19 patients, as well as its function as a powerful chemo attractant and activator of monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, which may attract neutrophils to infected regions and has been linked to tissue damage[4, 5]. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been identified as an essential marker that changes dramatically in severe COVID-19 patients. CRP is a liver protein that acts as an early indicator of infection and inflammation. [6

The role of neopterin as macrophage activation and C-Reative protein in disease prognosis of coronavirus disease-2019 patients

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) has the potential to affect several organs owing to viral-induced hyper inflammation. Hyper inflammation is linked to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019. In severe COVID-19 patients, high levels of circulating cytokines have been recorded. High levels of circulating cytokines were reported in severe COVID-19 patients. Based on current knowledge, the “cytokine storm” appears as one of the most dangerous and potentially life-threatening events related to COVID-19 sustaining its major clinical consequences. Macrophage activation syndrome and its possible contribution to COVID-19, and cytokine targeted attempts in determine severity COVID-19 cases. Serum levels of the immune activation marker neopterin has shown to be of prognostic value in patients with SARS. Release of this cytokines is followed by rapid development of lung tissue damage resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and organ failure. In this study, it was aimed the role of macrophage activation in immune response of covid 19 & progressive of disease to determine the prognostic Neopterin levels as prediction of severe disease in patients with COVID‐19. Severe, moderate and mild cases of COVID-19 were compared in terms of clinical and laboratory findings at hospital admission.&nbsp