Detention and Release in Stepped Gabion Weir: Case of Four Steps

The problem of water scarcity can be noticed clearly in the lined canals which provide the irrigation networks. Using porous structures like gabion weirs contributes as a part solution to this problem. In the current study, a laboratory flume was used to calculate the water depths upstream and downstream of the stepped gabion weir that is to be put inside it at a certain distance, and this flume comes with dimensions of 10 m long by 0.30 m wide and 0.50 m height. While the tested hydraulic model of the weir was built with dimensions of 0.30 m width by 0.40 m maximum height, and five lengths with different total distance of 0.88, 0.96, 1.08, 1.12, and 1.20 m respectively. The used gravel samples to fill the gabions were of monosize query gravel with diameters ranging between 0.0095-0.0140, 0.0140-0.0190, 0.0190-0.0250, 0.0250-0.0375, and 0.0375-0.0500 m in a respective way. While the values of discharge, measured during the experiments were in the range of 0.0007-0.0150 m3/s, and a total of 175 trial tests. This study achieved that the detention depth value decreases by increasing the diameter of the gravel sample used, but there is no effect of the gravel sample on the value of release depth, the different illustrated formulas for the detention and release depths maybe can be used usefully for design and scheduling actions in the field where it gave a reasonable matching between the measured and the calculated values of the studied depths, and finally, the errors percentage in an average value for both detention and release tested values were 5.278% and -0.265% respectivelyFull text license: CC BY-NC 4.0;Part of special issue: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Recent Innovation in Engineering ICRIE 2023, University of Duhok, College of Engineering, 13th – 14th September 2023;</p

Detention and Release in Stepped Gabion Weir: Case of Four Steps

The problem of water scarcity can be noticed clearly in the lined canals which provide the irrigation networks. Using porous structures like gabion weirs contributes as a part solution to this problem. In the current study, a laboratory flume was used to calculate the water depths upstream and downstream of the stepped gabion weir that is to be put inside it at a certain distance, and this flume comes with dimensions of 10 m long by 0.30 m wide and 0.50 m height. While the tested hydraulic model of the weir was built with dimensions of 0.30 m width by 0.40 m maximum height, and five lengths with different total distance of 0.88, 0.96, 1.08, 1.12, and 1.20 m respectively. The used gravel samples to fill the gabions were of monosize query gravel with diameters ranging between 0.0095-0.0140, 0.0140-0.0190, 0.0190-0.0250, 0.0250-0.0375, and 0.0375-0.0500 m in a respective way. While the values of discharge, measured during the experiments were in the range of 0.0007-0.0150 m3/s, and a total of 175 trial tests. This study achieved that the detention depth value decreases by increasing the diameter of the gravel sample used, but there is no effect of the gravel sample on the value of release depth, the different illustrated formulas for the detention and release depths maybe can be used usefully for design and scheduling actions in the field where it gave a reasonable matching between the measured and the calculated values of the studied depths, and finally, the errors percentage in an average value for both detention and release tested values were 5.278% and -0.265% respectivelyFull text license: CC BY-NC 4.0;Part of special issue: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Recent Innovation in Engineering ICRIE 2023, University of Duhok, College of Engineering, 13th – 14th September 2023;</p

Determination of Difference Amount in Reference Evapotranspiration between Urban and Suburban Quarters in Karbala City

Evapotranspiration represents one of the main parameters in the hydrological cycle. It is usually expressed by the term reference evapotranspiration (ETo) that is affected by certain meteorological parameters. This study aimed to find the difference amount in ETo between urban and suburban quarters in Karbala city. The study methodology involved selecting once urban area and four suburban quarters. Two methods of determining the reference evapo- transpiration were applied: first, a direct method which measured ETo at selected fields by using a hand-held device, and second, an indirect method using the Penman-Monteith equation. The findings showed that the magnitudes of ETo by the Penman-Monteith equation are higher than the values measured by the direct method for urban and suburban quarters. Moreover, it was found that the absolute percentage of difference in the average amount of ETo between urban and suburban quarters is 13% by using the direct method and 61% by using Penman-Monteith equation. The study conclusion is that suburban area has higher magnitude of ETo than urban quarter by using any of direct method and indirect method (Penman-Monteith equation)