Rural pluriactivity in Jordan : issues and policy implications.

Imperial Users onl

A hplc-uv method for deteermination of three pesticides in water

HPLC method is developed and validated for determination of three pesticides (abamectin, imidacloprid, and -cyfluthrin) in water. These pesticides are used widely in agriculture for crops protection, and may be leached to the groundwater. Reversed-phase method with C18 column (5 μm, 250mm × 4.6 mm inner diameter) using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water (v:v = 4:1) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and UV detection at 220 nm was used. This method is validated according to new methods which include accuracy, precision, linearity and range, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The current method exhibits good linearity over the range of 1-1000 ppb for abamectin, 0.5-1000 ppb for imidacloprid, and 0.4-1000 ppb for ß-cyfluthrin with r2 greater than 0.990. The percentage recovery of the method at three concentration levels (5, 100, and 1000 ppb) is within 97.6 to 101.5% for the three pesticides. Relative standard deviation of the area of six replicate injections of each pesticide at three concentration levels (5.0, 100.0, and 1000.0 ppb) was found to be less than 1% which reflect the precision of the method. Limit of quantitation of the three pesticides using this method is low (1.0, 0.5, and 0.4 ppb) for abamectin, imidacloprid, and -cyfluthrin, respectively which enables the determination of these three pesticides in water at low concentration levels

Development and Validation of HPLC-UV Method for Determination of Bovine Serum Albumin and Myoglobin Proteins

A simple HPLC with UV detection method is developed and validated for determination of Bovine Serum Albumin and Myoglobin proteins in a standard solution of the two protein as well as in a plasma spiked with theses two proteins. Separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18, 5.0 μm, 150mm × 4.6 mm inner diameter column using a mobile phase consisting of solution A (900 mL of water, 100 mL Acetonitrile, 10 mL Trifluroacetic acid) and solution B (900 mL of acetonitrile, 100 mL water, 10 mL Trifluroacetic acid) with gradient elution of 5 to 50% of solution B in 15 minutes. This new method is validated in accordance with requirements for new methods, which include accuracy, precision, selectivity, linearity and range, robustness, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The method demonstrates good linearity over the range of 1-1000 ppm for the two proteins with r2 greater than 0.998. The percentage recovery of the method is within 97.9 to 102.0% for the two proteins. Precision of this method reflected by relative standard deviation of the area of six replicate injections of each protein at five concentration levels (1.0, 100.0, 300.0, 500, and 1000.0 ppm) was found to be less than 2%. Limit of quantitation of the two proteins is low which enables the determination of these proteins at low concentration

Development and Validation of a Simple Reversed‑Phase HPLC‑UV Method for Determination of Malondialdehyde in Olive Oil

A simple, precise, accurate and selective method was developed and validated for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) in olive oil. Separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C8 column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol/0.8 % phosphoric acid (10:90, v/v), at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and UV detection at 220 nm. This method was validated according to the requirements for new methods, which include accuracy, precision, selectivity, robustness, a limit of detection, limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity and range. The current method demonstrated good linearity over the range of 0.5–1000 ppm of MDA with r2 greater than 0.999. The recovery of MDA in olive oil ranged from 97.1 to 99.1 %. The method was selective where MDA was distinctly separated from other compounds of the oil with good resolution. The method was also precise where the RSD of the peak areas of replicate injections of MDA standard solution were less than 1 %. The degree of reproducibility of the results obtained as a result of small deliberate variations in the method parameters and by changing the analytical operators proved that the method is robust and rugged. The low LOQ of MDA (0.5 ppm) using this method enables quantitation of MDA at low concentration

Berberine, a popular dietary supplement for human and animal health: Quantitative research literature analysis – a review

Berberine is an alkaloid with a wide range of reported beneficial health effects. The current work provides an extensive literature analysis on berberine. Bibliometric data were identified by means of the search string TOPIC=(“berberin*” OR “umbellatine*”), which yielded 5,547 publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection electronic database. The VOSviewer software generated bubble maps to visualize semantic terms with citation results. The ratio of original articles to reviews was 13.6:1. The literature has been growing more quickly since the 2010s. Major contributing countries were China, the United States, India, Japan, and South Korea. Most of the publications appeared in journals specialized in pharmacology pharmacy, biochemistry molecular biology, chemistry, and plant science. Some of the frequently mentioned chemicals/chemical classes were alkaloid, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine, isoquinoline, and sanguinarine. The prevalent medical conditions under investigation included Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity

Analysis of Different Rare Metals, and Rare Earth Metals in Harvested Rain Water in Gaza Strip/Palestine by ICP/MS-Data and Health Aspects

This rain water samples harvested for drinking and agriculture from Gaza collected in November 2012 were analyzed for different rare metals (Rb, Zr, Ti, Tl, Sb, Sc, Y), and rare earth metals (La, and Ce). These metals usually have no maximum acceptable limits as there is no sufficient data about their toxicity to human health. Their control should be therefore controlled in water to monitor their concentration in water (ground, harvested, etc.). This study was conducted to determine the water quality of harvested water which is used for drinking in the study area. 43 water samples were collected in November 2012 during the first rain from house wells and rain water pools. The concentrations of the metals detected in the collected harvested rainwater vary significantly between the 43 samples, and all of them were detected in all water samples analyzed in this study. The results obtained from this study suggest a possible risk to the population of the study area given the high concentration of some metals that have no maximum allowed concentration, and the fact that for many people in the study area, harvested rain water is a main source of their water supply.The authors are grateful to the Association of Arab Universities for their financial support. The authors would like also to thank the volunteers at MECA (Middle East Children’s Alliance) who worked tirelessly on short notice to mobilize volunteers and collect water samples across the entire Gaza strip during the first rain after the bombings in November, 2012

Analysis of Different Rare Metals, and Rare Earth Metals in Harvested Rain Water in Gaza Strip/Palestine by ICP/MS-Data and Health Aspects

This rain water samples harvested for drinking and agriculture from Gaza collected in November 2012 were analyzed for different rare metals (Rb, Zr, Ti, Tl, Sb, Sc, Y), and rare earth metals (La, and Ce). These metals usually have no maximum acceptable limits as there is no sufficient data about their toxicity to human health. Their control should be therefore controlled in water to monitor their concentration in water (ground, harvested, etc.). This study was conducted to determine the water quality of harvested water which is used for drinking in the study area. 43 water samples were collected in November 2012 during the first rain from house wells and rain water pools. The concentrations of the metals detected in the collected harvested rainwater vary significantly between the 43 samples, and all of them were detected in all water samples analyzed in this study. The results obtained from this study suggest a possible risk to the population of the study area given the high concentration of some metals that have no maximum allowed concentration, and the fact that for many people in the study area, harvested rain water is a main source of their water supply.The authors are grateful to the Association of Arab Universities for their financial support. The authors would like also to thank the volunteers at MECA (Middle East Children’s Alliance) who worked tirelessly on short notice to mobilize volunteers and collect water samples across the entire Gaza strip during the first rain after the bombings in November, 2012

Relationship between Cognitive Style (Impulsivity / Reflectivity) and Violence of the Tenth Grade Students in the Governorate of Ramallah and Al Bireh in Palestine

The study aimed to explore the relationship between cognitive style (impulsivity/reflectivity) and violence. It also aimed to know the significance of some variables, such as gender, place of residence, and type of school, in the cognitive style (impulsivity/reflectivity) and violence among students of tenth grade in the governorate of Ramallah and Al Bireh. The study sample, was randomly selected (N = 190, 86 males and 104 females). The Familiar Figure Test (Faramawi, 1986) and a specifically designed questionnaire to assess violence were used. The results indicated no relationship between impulsivity/reflectivity and violence. However, there were significant differences in cognitive method (impulsivity/reflectivity) due to gender and place of residence. While, there was no significant difference due to school type. There were differences in verbal violence, physical violence and violence toward property attributable to gender and in favour of males. Private schools were more physically violent than public schools

Optimum Conditions for Oleuropein Extraction from Olive Leaves

In this study the effect of extraction solvent (type, composition, pH, and temperature), and the extraction method (maceration and soxhlet) on the amount of oleuropein extracted from olive leaves obtained from West Bank /Palestine was investigated. It was found that pure solvents (100% water, 100% methanol, and 100% ethanol) are not good solvents for oleuropein extraction, while mixtures of the solvents (methanol/water and ethanol/water) gave higher oleuropein content. It was found that 80% ethanol give the highest oleuropein content followed by 20% acetonitrile. Temperature of extraction was found to have a significant effect on the oleuropein content where higher temperature gave higher oleuropein content. It was found also that the amount of oleuropein extracted decreases with increase in pH where highest amount was obtained at pH 3. Soxhlet extraction was found to give higher oleuropein content compared to maceration method

Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Florfenicol and Flunixin Meglumine Combination in an Injectable Solution

Thecombination of the powerful antimicrobial agent florfenicol and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory flunixin meglumine is used for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and control of BRD-associated pyrexia, in beef and nonlactating dairy cattle. This study describes the development and validation of an HPLC-UVmethod for the simultaneous determination of florfenicol and flunixin, in an injectable preparation with a mixture of excipients.The proposed RP-HPLC method was developed by a reversed phase- (RP-) C18e (250mm× 4.6 mm, 5 m) column at roomtemperature, with an isocraticmobile phase of acetonitrile and water mixture, and pH was adjusted to 2.8 using diluted phosphoric acid, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and ultraviolet detection at 268 nm. The stability-indicating method was developed by exposing the drugs to stress conditions of acid and base hydrolysis, oxidation, photodegradation, and thermal degradation; the obtained degraded products were successfully separated from the APIs. This method was validated in accordance with FDA and ICH guidelines and showed excellent linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, LOD, LOQ, and system suitability results within the acceptance criteria.This research was supported by the Advanced Veterinary Manufacturing Company (Palestine)