A Novel Root Based Arabic Stemmer

Stemming algorithms are used in information retrieval systems, indexers, text mining, text classifiers etc., to extract stems or roots of different words, so that words derived from the same stem or root are grouped together. Many stemming algorithms were built in different natural languages. Khoja stemmer is one of the known and widely used Arabic stemmers. In this paper, we introduced a new light and heavy Arabic stemmer. This new stemmer is presented in this study and compared with two well-known Arabic stemmers. Results showed that accuracy of our stemmer is slightly better than the accuracy yielded by each one of those two well-known Arabic stemmers used for evaluation and comparison. Evaluation tests on our novel stemmer yield 75.03% accuracy, while the other two Arabic stemmers yield slightly lower accuracy

Values System Relationship to Leadership Behavior of Practicing and Non-sports-practicing University Students

The study examined the values system and its relationship to leadership behavior of sports-practicing and non-sports-practicing students in Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan. The study used two tools to collect data, namely, values system and leadership behavior questionnaires. The study sample consisted of (217) students, (64) of whom are sports-practicing, and (153) are non-sports-practicing. The results showed that the degree of students’ possession of the values system as a whole was high, in descending order, moral and democratic values, achievement and competition values, national values, physical skills values, social values, aesthetic values and finally financial gain values. Besides, it showed that students’ leadership behavior degree was high, and there was a statistically significant difference at (α = 0.05) between the means of the sports-practicing, and nonsports-practicing students’ estimates on values system items. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in their estimates on the leadership behavior scale in favor of sports-practicing students. The study recommends universities to develop sports activities and intensify training courses that teach students leadership behavior and link knowledge and skills to the values system in their events, programs, curriculum and field activities