3 research outputs found
Intelligent intrusion detection in external communication systems for autonomous vehicles
Self-driving vehicles are known to be vulnerable to different types of attacks due to the type of communication systems which are utilized in these vehicles. These vehicles are becoming more reliant on external communication through vehicular ad hoc networks. However, these networks contribute new threats to self-driving vehicles which lead to potentially significant problems in autonomous systems. These communication systems potentially open self-driving vehicles to malicious attacks like the common Sybil attacks, black hole, Denial of Service, wormhole attacks and grey hole attacks. In this paper, an intelligent protection mechanism is proposed, which was created to secure external communications for self-driving and semi-autonomous cars. The protection mechanism is based on the Proportional Overlapping Scores method, which allows to decrease the number of features found in the Kyoto benchmark dataset. This hybrid detection system uses Back Propagation neural networks to detect Denial of Service (DoS), a common type of attack in vehicular ad hoc networks. The results from our experiment revealed that the proposed intrusion detection has the ability to identify malicious vehicles in self-driving and even in semi-autonomous vehicles
Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS) Centroid Data Measured between 3.6 degrees C and 25.4 degrees C for the Fab Fragment of NISTmAb
Interlaboratory Comparison of Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry Measurements of the Fab fragment of NISTmAb
Hydrogen–deuterium
exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is an established, powerful tool
for investigating protein–ligand interactions, protein folding,
and protein dynamics. However, HDX-MS is still an emergent tool for
quality control of biopharmaceuticals and for establishing dynamic
similarity between a biosimilar and an innovator therapeutic. Because
industry will conduct quality control and similarity measurements
over a product lifetime and in multiple locations, an understanding
of HDX-MS reproducibility is critical. To determine the reproducibility
of continuous-labeling, bottom-up HDX-MS measurements, the present
interlaboratory comparison project evaluated deuterium uptake data
from the Fab fragment of NISTmAb reference material (PDB: 5K8A) from 15 laboratories.
Laboratories reported ∼89 800 centroid measurements
for 430 proteolytic peptide sequences of the Fab fragment (∼78 900
centroids), giving ∼100% coverage, and ∼10 900
centroid measurements for 77 peptide sequences of the Fc fragment.
Nearly half of peptide sequences are unique to the reporting laboratory,
and only two sequences are reported by all laboratories. The majority
of the laboratories (87%) exhibited centroid mass laboratory repeatability
precisions of ⟨sLab⟩ ≤
(0.15 ± 0.01) Da (1σx̅). All laboratories
achieved ⟨sLab⟩ ≤ 0.4 Da. For immersions
of protein at THDX = (3.6 to 25) °C
and for D2O exchange times of tHDX = (30 s to 4 h) the reproducibility of back-exchange corrected,
deuterium uptake measurements for the 15 laboratories is σreproducibility15 Laboratories(tHDX) = (9.0 ± 0.9) % (1σ).
A nine laboratory cohort that immersed samples at THDX = 25 °C exhibited reproducibility of σreproducibility25C cohort(tHDX) = (6.5 ± 0.6) % for back-exchange
corrected, deuterium uptake measurements