Future prospects of the renewable energy sector in libya

This study investigates the options available to the energy sector in Libyan, particularly in relation to the potential of using renewable energy as one of the main sources for the country. Libyan government has set a target for renewable energy resources sharing with current energy sources to reach 30% by the year 2030 which mainly includes wind energy, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP), Photovoltaic (PV) and Solar Water Heating (SWH). The argument here is not whether this can be completed or not within the stipulated time. But the main objective is achieving a sustainable economic growth through a clean energy system and for the energy supply to maintain meeting the growing energy demand. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the current energy supply and future demands in Libya. This paper integrates data from literature review, field visits and interviews with Libyan energy experts to paint a comprehensive picture in relation to energy demand and consumption. The findings which have emerged from the analysis of this data reflect energy challenges and opportunities in Libya. Furthermore, securing alternative resources of energy and income are becoming critically important for Libya and other countries within the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) if they wish to maintain the same standard of living for future generations and reduce pollution, fossil fuel local consumption and carbon emission

Role of nano-SiO2 in germination of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum seeds Mill.)

AbstractAgricultural biotechnology is very familiar with the properties of nanomaterial and their potential uses. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to test the beneficial effects of nanosilicon dioxide (nSiO2: size- 12nm) on the seed germination of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv Super Strain B). Application of nSiO2 significantly enhanced the characteristics of seed germination. Among the treatments, 8gL−1 of nSiO2 improved percent seed germination, mean germination time, seed germination index, seed vigour index, seedling fresh weight and dry weight. Therefore, it is very clear that nSiO2 has a significant impact on the seed germination potential. These findings could provide that alternative source for fertilizer that may improve sustainable agriculture

Ascorbic Acid Metabolisms: A review

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a water-soluble, hexonic sugar, with a molecular weight of 176. It is known to play vital roles in numerous functions of the body, especially in hydroxylation reactions. Its requirement by animals may be increased when challenged in the form of immune and metabolic stress. The main objective of this brief review is to outline the catabolic and anabolic pathways of ascorbic acid as well as its metabolic functions

Isolation and biochemical characterization of a novel antimicrobial agent produced by Streptomyces violaceusniger isolated from Yemeni soil

Background: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria present daily challenges to infectious disease physicians in hospitals throughout the world and these pathogens are spreading into the community. The development of new antibacterial agents to combat worsening antibiotic resistance is still a priority area in anti-infective research.Methods: The experiments were carried out to search for new natural antibiotics through isolation of various Streptomyces strains from different soil samples from Yemen and studying the antimicrobial effects of metabolites that produced. In the same time, the toxicological and biochemical effects of the extracted antibiotic on animals were studied.Results: Streptomyces violaceusniger, was isolated from Yemeni soil sample produced active metabolite that was designated faqihmycin has substantial antimicrobial potential against different microbial species. Investigations into the possible mode of action of faqihmycin revealed that it affects cell wall synthesis and intracellular macromolecule contents of the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. Toxicity studies of faqihmycin confirmed the hepatotoxicity of faqihmycin, there is no strong evidence to suggest that it is nephrotoxic.Conclusions: Further studies with Faqihmycin are needed in order to elucidate its detailed mechanism of action on bacterial cells, as well as studies with Faqihmycin with different doses in order to determine its potential therapeutic use.

A simple and accurate approach to solve the power flow for balanced islanded microgrids

Power flow studies are very important in the planning or expansion of power system. With the integration of distributed generation (DG), micro-grids are becoming attractive. So, it is important to study the power flow of micro-grids. In grid connected mode, the power flow of the system can be solved in a conventional manner. In islanded mode, the conventional method (like Gauss Seidel) cannot be applied to solve power flow analysis. Hence some modifications are required to implement the conventional Gauss Seidel method to islanded micro-grids. This paper proposes a Modified Gauss Seidel (MGS) method, which is an extension of the conventional Gauss Seidel (GS) method. The proposed method is simple, easy to implement and accurate in solving the power flow analysis for islanded microgrids. The MGS algorithm is implemented on a 6 bus test system. The results are compared against the simulations results obtained from PSCAD/EMTDC which proves the accuracy of the proposed MGS algorithm

A novel approach to solve power flow for islanded microgrids using modified Newton Raphson with droop control of DG

The study of power flow analysis for microgrids has gained importance where several methods have been proposed to solve these problems. However, these schemes are complic ated and not easy to implement due to the absence of a slack bus as well as the dependence of the power on frequency as a result of the droop characteristics. This paper proposes simple and e ffec- tive modifications to the conventional method (Newton Raphs on) to compute the power flow for microgrids. The presented metho d provides a simple, easy to implement, and accurate approach to solve the power flow equations for microgrids. The propose d method is applied to two test systems: a 6-bus system and a 38- bus system. The results are compared against simulation result s from PSCAD/EMTDC which validate the effectiveness of the develo ped method. The proposed technique can be easily integrated in current commercially available power system software and c an be applied for power system studies method is applied to two test systems: a 6-bus system and a 38-bus system. The results are compared against simulation results from PSCAD/EMTDC which validate the effectiveness of the developed method. The proposed technique can be easily integrated in current commercially available power system software and can be applied for power system studies