Transparency as a Type of Articulation in Contemporary Architectural Production

Many previous studies dealt with the concept of transparency in architecture has emerged importance of the formal and moralaspects in achieving the concept of transparency, also focused on each concept detailed, varied in adopting the concept as afeature design lead and certain functions and on this basis was established trend has pursued research to study the concept of transparency in contemporary architectural production. The research problemrepresented by (there is a lack of knowledge about the concept of transparency as articulationfeature in contemporary architecturaloutput), the objective of this research isrepresented by clarify the most important characteristics of the transparencyconcept as articulationfeature in contemporary architectureoutput. The research adopted a method to achieve the objective and reached to the conclusions and recommendations

Revivalist Translation in Contemporary Arabic Architecture

Translation lead in general a prominent role to transfer different sciences , knowledge and cultures, particularly in keeping up with scientific and literary developments. Because of the importance of translation and its relationship to architecture led to the identification of general axis of the research, which represents the “Employment translation in architecture”. The research discussed the previous Architectural Studies that related to concept of translation and show that there was a difference in dealing with the translation of various movements in architecture, and the appearance of several employments can be identified with differences, pluralism, revivalism, interpretation, paradox, then the research problem identified by ((lack of objective holistic vision reveals privacy revivalist translation in contemporary Arab architecture)), and the objective of this research was represented by ((the formation of a theoretical, objective, comprehensive framework for the properties of the revivalist translation and using them to discover the application privacy of the concept in Arab contemporary architecture)) .Research reached conclusions and recommendations

Impact of Religious Tourism landmarks

The most important characteristic of urban cities is the presence of identity characterizes types of architecture. Most of these cities suffer from the decline and deterioration, and become blocks of adjacent buildings, which are copies of a particular architecture and tradition and simulate them. That led to disappear originality. The importance of this research on the link between the role of tourism attraction within the central cities for rooting there urban identity. Through the review of previous studies on the subject of tourist attraction,and after clarify landmarks kind, the research problem has identified as the "Missing of comprehensive knowledge about the role of religious tourist landmarks in dimensions of authenticity urban identity for the city" .The goal of research is reaching to the role of religious tourist landmarks in urban development projects to clarify urban identity authenticity dimensions. The research adopted descriptive analytical method and draw the most important variables, indicators and vocabulary, which has been employed in the application of the study, which included analysis many of elected local development projects. Keywords: Authenticity, Landmark, Religious Tourism landmark

Estimation of Humoral Immunological Parameters among Chronic Periodontitis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Periodontitis is a bacterial infection of tooth-supporting tissues. The host reacts to this bacterial challenge by activating its defense mechanisms; the immune responses can be mediated either by humoral factors or by lymphocytes. Recently studies found that periodontitis might be related to several systemic diseases especially diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The current study was established to evaluate the alteration in humoral immune response in chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared controls. Subjects and Methods: A total of 30 patients and 20 controls were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from each subject to determine serum concentrations of (IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4) by single radial immune diffusion method. In this study, clinical examination included plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing. Results: serum concentrations of IgG and IgA are significantly higher (p< 0.05)  in patients than healthy control, and serum concentration of C3 is significantly less than corresponding value of control (p< 0.05), while there are no significant (p> 0.05) differences in serum concentrations of each IgM and C4 between the patients and controls. Furthermore there are no significant (p> 0.05) correlation between serum immunological parameters and periodontal parameters. Conclusion: These findings corroborate the thought that the humoral immune response plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis with type 2 DM. In addition, elevated antibody levels may explain why diabetes aggravates periodontitis. Keywords: periodontitis, diabetes mellitus, immunoglobulin, complement componene

Evaluation of Seroprevelance of Viral Hepatitis C among Dentists in College of Dentistry\Baghdad University

Background: Dentists have a raised occurrence of hepatitis C virus contamination consequently of contact to patient's blood and fluid of the body is still controversial. Aims of Study: The principle aim of this study was to conclude the incidence or prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among dentists in College of Dentistry\ Baghdad University. Materials and methods: The study included 70 Iraqi dentists who worked at College of Dentistry in Baghdad University. Contributors filled out a planned questionnaire concerning demographic and work-related features. Venous blood was examined for presence of HCV antibodies by HCV rapid test as recommended in leaflet with kit. Results: The present study indicate that the prevalence of HCV antibodies among dentists was 0/70 (0.0%), no dentist was HCV seropositive. Dentists routinely used gloves (98.5%), gown (92.8%), and mask (85.7%). Conclusion: the prevalence of HCV infection among dentists in Iraq is low, and it seems that dentists who usually adhere to basic infection control measures are not at an increased risk for HCV. Key words: Hepatitis, seroprevalence, dentist

Expressive Appropriateness in contemporary architectural production

The concept of Appropriateness has emerged by thousands of years, since the architect Vitruvius, as one of the most important theoretical aspects that achieve integrated architecture. It has evolved over the years in the postmodern architecture to the importance of the recipient and his reading of the architectural text. The concept varied and numerous such as ( functional, structural, expressive , environmental, social, and economic) Appropriateness . The research emerged many of the architectural and non architectural studies related to the concept of Appropriateness, where achieved to the importance of the expressive side and expressive Appropriateness. The research identified problem as "Lack of a comprehensive & objective perception about the expressive Appropriateness in contemporary architectural production and the relationship between the designer intentions and the mechanisms of expressive Appropriateness on one hand and what actually achieved in production on the other ". The goal of this research is to "form an objective and comprehensive framework for expressive appropriateness properties in the contemporary architectural production and explore the relationship between the designer intentions and the mechanisms on one hand and what actually done in the production according to the opinion of the recipient" . The research built a framework contained a primary and secondary items , then elected goals and mechanisms of expressive Appropriateness and applied them on an elected group of contemporary architectural projects after an analytical study of these projects. The conclusions concerning the multiple mechanisms achieved and concatenated as they arise (encoding and metaphor and similarity), and the variation of expressive Appropriateness achievement is due to the diversity of goals and mechanisms adopted. Key words: Expressive Appropriateness, contemporary architectural productio

Evaluation of Medicinal Plant Hepatotoxicity in Co-cultures of Hepatocytes and Monocytes

Non-parenchymal cells might play an important role in the modulation of xenobiotic metabolism in liver and its pharmacological and toxicological consequences. Therefore, the role of cell-to-cell interactions in herbal induced liver toxicity was investigated in monocultures of cells from the human hepatocyte cell line (HepG2) and in co-cultures of cells from the HepG2 cell line and cells from the human monocyte cell line (THP1). Cells were treated with various concentrations (1–500 µg ml(−1)) of extracts of Pistacia palaestina, Juglans regia and Quercus ithaburensis for 24 h. Extracts from Cleome droserifolia, a known toxic plant, were taken as positive control. In the co-culture system, toxic effects were observed after exposure to extracts of Pistacia palestina and C. droserifolia. These two extracts significantly reduced by cell viability as measured the MTT test and the LDH assay. Whereas in hepatocyte cultures, only extracts of C. droserifolia were found to affect the cell viability. The production levels of albumin from hepatocytes were not affected by treatment with plant extracts in both culture systems. It seems that the observed reduction in cell viability after exposure to extracts of P. palestina in co-cultures but not in monocultures is a result of monocyte-derived factors. The use of liver cell co-cultures is therefore a useful approach to investigate the influence of intercellular communication on xenobiotic metabolism in liver

Adolescent Positivity and Future Orientation, Parental Psychological Control, and Young Adult Internalising Behaviours during COVID-19 in Nine Countries

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many young adults’ lives educationally, economically, and personally. This study investigated associations between COVID-19-related disruption and perception of increases in internalising symptoms among young adults and whether these associations were moderated by earlier measures of adolescent positivity and future orientation and parental psychological control. Participants included 1329 adolescents at Time 1, and 810 of those participants as young adults (M age = 20, 50.4% female) at Time 2 from 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). Drawing from a larger longitudinal study of adolescent risk taking and young adult competence, this study controlled for earlier levels of internalising symptoms during adolescence in examining these associations. Higher levels of adolescent positivity and future orientation as well as parent psychological control during late adolescence helped protect young adults from sharper perceived increases in anxiety and depression during the first nine months of widespread pandemic lockdowns in all nine countries. Findings are discussed in terms of how families in the 21st century can foster greater resilience during and after adolescence when faced with community-wide stressors, and the results provide new information about how psychological control may play a protective role during times of significant community-wide threats to personal health and welfare

Corporal Punishment of Children in Nine Countries as a Function of Child Gender and Parent Gender

Background. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a global perspective on corporal punishment by examining differences between mothers' and fathers' use of corporal punishment with daughters and sons in nine countries. Methods. Interviews were conducted with 1398 mothers, 1146 fathers, and 1417 children (age range = 7 to 10 years) in China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. Results. Across the entire sample, 54% of girls and 58% of boys had experienced mild corporal punishment, and 13% of girls and 14% of boys had experienced severe corporal punishment by their parents or someone in their household in the last month. Seventeen percent of parents believed that the use of corporal punishment was necessary to rear the target child. Overall, boys were more frequently punished corporally than were girls, and mothers used corporal punishment more frequently than did fathers. There were significant differences across countries, with reports of corporal punishment use lowest in Sweden and highest in Kenya. Conclusion. This work establishes that the use of corporal punishment is widespread, and efforts to prevent corporal punishment from escalating into physical abuse should be commensurately widespread