Eosinophilic Pneumonia in a Patient with Bronchial Myiasis : Case report and literature review

Pulmonary myiasis is an unusual form of myiasis in humans and has been recently identified as a cause of eosinophilic pneumonia. We report the case of a 13-year-old Omani boy who presented to the Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in October 2014 with respiratory distress. Bronchial aspirates revealed features of eosinophilic pneumonia. Possible larvae identified in the cytology report, a high immunoglobulin E level and the patient history all indicated bronchial myiasis. The patient was treated with steroids and ventilation and has since been diseasefree with no long-term side-effects. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of bronchial myiasis in Oman

Two cases and a review of Streptococcus pyogenes endocarditis in children

Abstract Background Infective endocarditis is a rare diagnosis in pediatrics. Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes is known to cause a range of type and severity of infections in childhood. However, S. pyogenes is a rarely described cause of endocarditis in children. This paper presents two cases of S. pyogenes endocarditis and the largest and most up-to-date review of cases previously reported in the literature. Case presentation Here we describe two pediatric cases of S. pyogenes endocarditis with associated toxic shock. Case 1 was a previously well Caucasian 6-year-old female who presented with sepsis. Case 2 was an 8-month-old South Asian female who presented with sepsis and pneumonia. We present a review of the literature since the beginning of the antibiotic era of this unusual cause of bacterial endocarditis in children. Conclusion In addition to the two cases presented here, a total of 13 children have been reported since 1940 with endocarditis caused by S. pyogenes for which clinical details are available. Although few cases exist, literature review reveals a high mortality rate (27%) and the majority of patients who recovered had residual morbidities. We emphasize the importance of considering a diagnosis of endocarditis in cases of S. pyogenes sepsis or toxic shock in order to ensure early diagnosis and timely treatment, which are necessary for good outcomes. This information is relevant to both general and subspecialty pediatricians, especially emergency room and infectious disease physicians

Caudal Regression Syndrome with Partial Agenesis of the Corpus callosum and Partial Lobar Holoprosencephaly : Case report

Caudal regression syndrome is a rare fetal condition of diabetic pregnancy. Although the exact mechanism is not known, hyperglycaemia during embryogenesis seems to act as a teratogen. Independently, caudal regression syndrome (CRS), agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) and partial lobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) have been reported in infants of diabetic mothers. To our knowledge, a combination of all these three conditions has not been reported so far

Early disseminated Mycobacterium Abscessus Complex Infection in an Infant with Coexisting Cystic Fibrosis and Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis: A case report and literature review

Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) is a rapidly growing mycobacterium and may rarely cause disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. In patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), it peaks between the ages of 11 and 15 years. We present a 5 months old infant with coexisting CF and Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (PFIC) who had pulmonary and cutaneous dissemination of MABSC infection. The management of this disseminated infection in an infant with two coexisting chronic diseases was challenging which resulted in a rapid deterioration of lung disease and the progression of PFIC to liver cirrhosis with a fatal outcome. Keywords: Cystic Fibrosis; Atypical Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium abscessus complex; Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasi

Table3_Urinary tract infections in children from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a literature review (2011–2022).pdf

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common healthcare-associated and community-acquired bacterial infections in children. Data on pediatric UTIs in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) have not been collated. Our aim is to review the published literature on the risk factors, etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and treatment of pediatric (aged <18 years) UTIs from healthcare and community settings in the GCC countries.</p

Table1_Urinary tract infections in children from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a literature review (2011–2022).pdf

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common healthcare-associated and community-acquired bacterial infections in children. Data on pediatric UTIs in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) have not been collated. Our aim is to review the published literature on the risk factors, etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and treatment of pediatric (aged <18 years) UTIs from healthcare and community settings in the GCC countries.</p

Table2_Urinary tract infections in children from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a literature review (2011–2022).pdf

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common healthcare-associated and community-acquired bacterial infections in children. Data on pediatric UTIs in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) have not been collated. Our aim is to review the published literature on the risk factors, etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and treatment of pediatric (aged <18 years) UTIs from healthcare and community settings in the GCC countries.</p

Table4_Urinary tract infections in children from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a literature review (2011–2022).pdf

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common healthcare-associated and community-acquired bacterial infections in children. Data on pediatric UTIs in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) have not been collated. Our aim is to review the published literature on the risk factors, etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and treatment of pediatric (aged <18 years) UTIs from healthcare and community settings in the GCC countries.</p

The strategic plan for combating antimicrobial resistance in Gulf Cooperation Council States

Summary: The Gulf Cooperation Council Center for Infection Control (GCC-IC) has placed the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on the top of its agenda for the past four years. The board members have developed the initial draft for the GCC strategic plan for combating AMR in 2014. The strategic plan stems from the WHO mandate to combat AMR at all levels. The need for engaging a large number of stakeholders has prompted the GCC-IC to engage a wider core of professionals in finalizing the plan. A multi-disciplinary group of more than 40 experts were then identified. And a workshop was conducted in Riyadh January 2015 and included, for the first time, representation of relevant ministries and agencies as well as international experts in the field. Participants worked over a period of two and a half days in different groups. International experts shared the global experiences and challenges in addressing human, food, animal, and environmental aspects of controlling AMR. Participants were then divided into 4 groups each to address the human, animal, microbiological and diagnostic, or the environmental aspect of AMR. At the end of the workshop, the strategic plan was revised and endorsed by all participants. The GCC-IC board members then approved it as the strategic plan for AMR. The document produced here is the first GCC strategic plan addressing AMR, which shall be adopted by GCC countries to develop country-based plans and related key performance indicators (KPIs). It is now the role of each country to identify the body that will be accountable for implementing the plan at the country level. Keywords: Strategic plan, Antimicrobial resistance, AMR, GCC, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Kuwai