Public Awareness toward Palliative Care: Integrative Literature Review

Background: Public awareness toward palliative care is playing a very important role in demanding various palliative care resources in different countries. A comprehensive assessment of public awareness toward palliative care is needed in order to intervene appropriately according to the public needs in this matter.Purpose: To assess current level of public awareness towards palliative care.Method: An integrative literature review design was utilized. CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE were searched. The following keywords (palliative care, general public, awareness, knowledge) were used in combination and/or mesh. After removing the duplicate articles and applying the inclusion criteria, a total of eight articles were retrieved to be considered the core of this review. Findings: There is a strong relationship between public awareness and the length of establishment of palliative care in different countries (Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Canada, & Australia). Also, it can be inferred that there is a highly public awareness of palliative care whenever there is a national guidelines and programs well established to enhance palliative care (New Zealand & Australia). Contrariwise, limited public awareness is reflected in countries where the concept of palliative care is relatively new (India). Conclusion: Demanding palliative care resources is highly connected to public awareness. Implication: Raising public awareness must be taken into consideration within international strategies for palliative care, that requires the concept of palliative care to be brought forward and integrated within the delivery of health care systems, palliative care services, and policy.Recommendations: Future researchers should assess the current level of knowledge and factors contribute to public awareness; due to scarcity of research literature related to public awareness toward palliative care.Policy makers should be urged to develop a national guidelines or methods to increase the public awareness towards palliative care. Keywords: Palliative care, General public, Awareness, knowledge

Nutrient Chemo Prevent to Enhance Cancer Prevention: A Review

Introduction: Nutrients Chemoprevention is dietary compounds to reduce the incidence of cancer, and the dietary compounds could be fibers, nutrients, or vitamins.Purpose: the aim of this integrative literature review to determine effect of nutrients chemo-prevents to reduce risk of cancer.Design: integrative literature review.Method: the electronic databases of CINAHL with full text MEDLINE with full text for article published between 2009 and 2014.Finding: most of nutrients chemo prevents reduce risk some type of cancer. Conclusion: review the nutrients chemo prevents enhance cancer prevention and reduce risk of cancer, so all of country's must be educate the people about the important the nutrition to prevent cancer and enhance health care provider to apply this finding when they make education for the patient or clients, and this topic need more study to become evidence based practice. Keywords: Chemo Prevent, Cancer Prevention, Dietary Intake

Level of Self-esteem and its Relationship with the Job Ethics among Employees and Retirees in Jordan

الملخص هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى معرفة مستوى تقدير الذات وعلاقته بأخلاقيات الوظيفة لدى العاملين والمتقاعدين في الأردن، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم إعداد مقياسين وهما مقياس تقدير الذات وتكون من (38) فقرة، ومقياس أخلاقيات الوظيفة والذي تكون من (66) فقرة موزعة على خمسة أبعاد، واستخرج لهما مؤشرات الصدق والثبات، وطبق المقياسان على عينة الدراسة المكونة من (747) عاملاً ومتقاعداً من مديريات تربية محافظة البلقاء، بواقع (605) عاملاً (142) متقاعداُ اختيروا  بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة من مجتمع الدراسة، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود مستوى متوسط من تقدير الذات لدى العاملين والمتقاعدين في الأردن، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود مستوى متوسط من أخلاقيات الوظيفة لدى العاملين والمتقاعدين في الأردن، في حين ظهرت فروق ذات دلالةٍ إحصائيةٍ عند مستوى دلالة (0.05≥α) في مستوى تقدير الذات بين العاملين والتقاعدين ولصالح العاملين من الاناث  تعزى للجنس ، ووجود فروق ذات دلالةٍ إحصائيةٍ عند مستوى دلالة (0.05≥α) في مستوى أخلاقيات الوظيفة بين العاملين والمتقاعدين ولصالح المتقاعدين من الإناث ، ووجود علاقة ارتباطية إيجابية ذات دلالة معنوية بين تقدير الذات وأخلاقيات الوظيفة لدى العاملين والمتقاعدين في الأردن. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة المحافظة على مستوى مرتفع من تقدير الذات لدى العاملين والمتقاعدين في الأردن؛ لكي يستمر لديهم الشعور بالرضا والسعادة وبالتالي التزامهم بسلوكيات أخلاقية وظيفية حميدة في بيئة العمل.Abstract     This study aimed at exploring the level of self-esteem and its relationship with the job ethics among employees and retirees in Jordan. To achieve the objective of study, two measures have been developed: the self-assessment scale; consisting of (38) items and the ethics of the job scale; consisting of (66) items, and were measured against five dimensions. Reliability and validity of both instruments have been obtained. Both scales have been administered on a sample of (747) workers and retirees from the directorates of Balqa Governorate: (605) workers and (142) retirees, who were selected using simple random method. The results of study showed that there was a medium level of self-esteem among workers and retirees in Jordan. There were statistically significant differences of (a≤0.05) in the levels of self-esteem among workers and retirees due to gender and in favor of females workers. There were also statistically significant differences of (a≤0.05) in the level of job ethics among workers and retirees in favor of females retirees. The results revealed a positive correlation of moral significance between the self-esteem and the ethics of job among workers and retirees in Jordan

PERSPECTIVE INTERNATIONALE Gestion de la neutropénie fébrile induite par la chimiothérapie parmi des patients adultes en oncologie : recension de la documentation scientifique

L’objectif de cette recension de la documentation scientifique est de faire enquête sur les méthodes les plus sécuritaires et appropriées de gestion de la neutropénie fébrile induite par la chimiothérapie. Nous avons mené notre recherche documentaire dans les grandes bases de données électroniques (PUBMED, SPRINGER et WILEY). Nous cherchions des études qui discutent de l’alternative entre les thérapies combinant des facteurs de croissance hématopoïétique et des antibiotiques, d’une part, et les thérapies basées sur les antibiotiques ou les facteurs de croissance hématopoïétique seuls, d’autre part, pour le traitement de la neutropénie fébrile parmi les patients adultes en oncologie. La plupart des études retenues étaient axées sur l’évaluation de patients en oncologie atteints d’une neutropénie fébrile et sur la gestion efficace de leur cas au moyen d’antibiotiques appropriés, et elles soulignaient l’importance de l’utilisation d’antibiotiques et de facteurs de croissance hématopoïétique dans la gestion de la fièvre neutropénique induite par la chimiothérapie

INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE: Management of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia among adult oncology patients: A review

The aim of this literature review is to investigate the safest and most appropriate actions for the management of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia. A literature search was undertaken, including major computerized electronic databases (PUBMED, SPRINGER, and WILEY). All studies that discuss colony stimulating factor plus antibiotics versus antibiotics or colony stimulating factors alone for the treatment of febrile neutropenia in adult oncology patients were sought. A review of the selected studies was performed. Most studies focus on the prompt assessment and management for oncology patients who are experiencing febrile neutropenia by using appropriate antibiotics and highlight the importance of using antibiotics and colony stimulating factor in the management of chemotherapy-induced neutropenic fever

Quality of Life among Primary Caregivers of Women with Breast Cancer: A Review

Background: Cancer diagnosis has a significant impact not only on women, but also on their Primary caregivers. Understanding the effects of a breast cancer diagnosis on physical and mental health outcomes in caregivers is important because these variables are key components of quality of life. Quality of life is a multi-dimensionalconstruct measuring overall enjoyment of life. This study intends to describe the impact of caring for women with breast cancer on the quality of life among their primary caregivers.Method: We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, MEDLINE andCINAHL. In addition, we used the web search engine “Google” for abstracts from 2007 to 2012. A total of eight studies were reviewed that met the following inclusion criteria: adult women with breast cancer, research conducted in English. Studies ranged from 2007-2011. The total sample size in the eight studies on adult caregivers totaled 789 participants. The average age of participants in all of the studies was 49.55 years.There were seven studies that had a quantitative focus,which mainly used a questionnaire and survey to estimate quality of life among primary caregivers. The qualitative approach included in-depth interviews and a focus group.Results: Accumulating evidence has supported the concept that cancer affects not only the patients but also their primary caregiver's quality of life.They face multiple challenges in caring for women with breast cancer, including physical, emotional, social, and financial stress that affects the caregiver's quality of life.Conclusion: Breast cancer diagnosis not only affects the patient's quality of life, but in parallel, also affects the quality of life of the primary caregiver. Thus more focus should be placed on providing moral and social support, and educational resources to improve the level of the caretaker's quality of life