6 research outputs found
Impact of Climate Changes on the Hydrochemistry of Razaza Lake and Rahaliya – Shithatha Springs – Central Iraq
The climate parameters, rainfall, temperature data for more than forty years for three Iraqi meteorological stations (Baghdad, Basra, and Mosul) were studied .The results show good evidence of climate change indicated by the remarkable decrease of the average means annual rainfall in the studied stations, with the remarkable increase of the average minimum annual temperature. The impact of the climatic change on the hydrochemistry of Razaza lake and Rahaliya – Shithatha springs was obvious in increasing the water salinity as studied for years 1995 and 2013. The average mean annual rainfall for ten years intervals indicate that there were a remarkable decrease in amount of rainfall from 90 mm for the period 1992-2001 to about 71 mm for the period 2002- 2013. The Razzaza lake water has indicated that chloride group and one major family (Chloride-sodium family) is the dominant for years 1995 and 2013 with increase of Mg ions during 2013. The Rahaliya – Shithatha springs’ water has showed that the sulphate and chloride groups are dominant for years 1995 and 2013, with increase of sulphate group to 80% during 2013. Keywords: Climatic changes, hydrochemistry, Razaza lake and Rahaliya – Shithatha springs, Iraq
The Clinical and Hematological changes in rabbits exposed to leaves of Urtica dioica under experimental conditions
The study was conducted on 20 female local breed rabbits , of 1-2 years age , of 1- 2 kg body weight . In first part of the study , 10 animals were randomly divided into two groups of 5 each. The first group was exposed to leaves of Urtica dioica in green phase at a dose rate of 50 grams / kg b.w daily for 10 days , while those of the second group left without exposure as a control group . In the second part of the study , animals of the first group exposed to leaves in dry phase , at a dose rate of 5 g/kg b.w. daily for three weeks, as a powder mixed with the concentrated food. While those of the second group left as a control group without exposure. The main dependent parameters in the study were ,clinical parameters ( body temperature , heart beat , respiratory rate, body weight , in addition to monitor any abnormal signs appear on the animals) . The main hematological parameters which depended in the study were included , RBC count , WBC count , Hb concentration , PCV percentage , Red cell indices , Bleeding time and Clotting time . The results of the study revealed the following : In first part clinically ; some rabbits showed strong heart beat , in other heart beat decreased ; respiratory rate decreased with noisy vesicular murmurs were heard . Body weight and body temperature were decreased. In the fourth day post exposure to plant one rabbit showed softy feces . In the 16th day post exposure one animal died , followed by another on in 18th day of the experiment . The post mortem findings were pale mucous membranes , stomach impacted with food with ulceration of mucus membranes . severe congestion of liver and gastrointestinal tract . sever swelling of kidney , urinary bladder filled with urine of dark yellow color .Hematologically clotting time prolonged , with decrease PCV , and White blood cells counts ; while Hb concentration did not showed any changes In second part: Heart beats , respiratory rates and body temperature were increased , while body weight decreased . Prolongation of clotting and bleeding time .The hematological pictures revealed that , Hemoglobin level and PCV values were decreased .The total erythrocyte count did not showed any significant changes during the study . The mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin ,the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly decreased .The total leucocytes count ,the percentage of heterophils, and monocytes percentage were increase. The lymphocytic and, esinophils percentage were significantly decreased .The basophiles values did not showed any significant changes during the study
<em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>: Diseases, Biofilm and Antibiotic Resistance
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is Gram negative bacteria that can adapt to extreme environmental conditions and withstand to different antibacterial agents. It si responsible for arrays of infections both community and hospital acquired especially ICU infections. Respiratory tract infection, blood stream infection, wound infection, burn infection, and urinary tract infections ware top five P. aeruginosa infections. Additionally as an opportunistic bacteria, it may be associated with healthcare infections in intensive care units (ICUs), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), central line-associated blood stream infections, surgical site infections, otitis media, and keratitis. P. aeruginosa can form biofilms as self-produced extracellular matrix to protects the cells from antibiotics and the host immune response. Antibiotic resistance was an prominent feature of this pathogen and can donate it one of the three resistance patterns: Multidrug (MDR), extensive drug (XDR) and pan drug resistance. It exploit many resistance mechanisms ranged from overexpression of drug efflux systems protein, modifying enzyme production, reducing the permeability and using shelters like biofilms
An Enhanced Multioperator Runge–Kutta Algorithm for Optimizing Complex Water Engineering Problems
Water engineering problems are typically nonlinear, multivariable, and multimodal optimization problems. Accurate water engineering problem optimization helps predict these systems’ performance. This paper proposes a novel optimization algorithm named enhanced multioperator Runge–Kutta optimization (EMRUN) to accurately solve different types of water engineering problems. The EMRUN’s novelty is focused mainly on enhancing the exploration stage, utilizing the Runge–Kutta search mechanism (RK-SM), the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) techniques, and improving the exploitation stage by using the enhanced solution quality (IESQ) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods. In addition to that, adaptive parameters were included to improve the stability of these two stages. The superior performance of EMRUN is initially tested against a set of CEC-17 benchmark functions. Afterward, the proposed algorithm extracts parameters from an eight-parameter Muskingum model. Finally, the EMRUM is applied to a practical hydropower multireservoir system. The experimental findings show that EMRUN performs much better than advanced optimization approaches. Furthermore, the EMRUN has demonstrated the ability to converge up to 99.99% of the global solution. According to the findings, the suggested method is a competitive algorithm that should be considered in optimizing water engineering problems
International Variations in Surgical Morbidity and Mortality Post Gynaecological Oncology Surgery: A Global Gynaecological Oncology Surgical Outcomes Collaborative Led Study (GO SOAR1)
Simple Summary Little is known about factors contributing to early post-operative morbidity and mortality in low and middle income countries with a paucity of data limiting global efforts to improve gynaecological cancer care. In this multicentre, international prospective cohort study of women undergoing gynaecological oncology surgery, we show that low and middle versus high income countries were associated with similar post-operative major morbidity. Capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention.Abstract Gynaecological malignancies affect women in low and middle income countries (LMICs) at disproportionately higher rates compared with high income countries (HICs) with little known about variations in access, quality, and outcomes in global cancer care. Our study aims to evaluate international variation in post-operative morbidity and mortality following gynaecological oncology surgery between HIC and LMIC settings. Study design consisted of a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of women undergoing surgery for gynaecological malignancies (NCT04579861). Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested-models of patients within hospitals/countries. We enrolled 1820 patients from 73 hospitals in 27 countries. Minor morbidity (Clavien-Dindo I-II) was 26.5% (178/672) and 26.5% (267/1009), whilst major morbidity (Clavien-Dindo III-V) was 8.2% (55/672) and 7% (71/1009) for LMICs/HICs, respectively. Higher minor morbidity was associated with pre-operative mechanical bowel preparation (OR = 1.474, 95%CI = 1.054-2.061, p = 0.023), longer surgeries (OR = 1.253, 95%CI = 1.066-1.472, p = 0.006), greater blood loss (OR = 1.274, 95%CI = 1.081-1.502, p = 0.004). Higher major morbidity was associated with longer surgeries (OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.128-1.664, p = 0.002), greater blood loss (OR = 1.398, 95%CI = 1.175-1.664, p <= 0.001), and seniority of lead surgeon, with junior surgeons three times more likely to have a major complication (OR = 2.982, 95%CI = 1.509-5.894, p = 0.002). Of all surgeries, 50% versus 25% were performed by junior surgeons in LMICs/HICs, respectively. We conclude that LMICs and HICs were associated with similar post-operative major morbidity. Capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention