The effects of fermented feed on broiler production and intestinal morphology

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of wet feed and fermented feed on the intestinal morphology and histology of broiler chicks. A total of 360 one day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned (CRD) into six treatment groups. Chicks were fed: (T1) Control group of dry feed; (T2) Fed on wet feed (1:1, feed: water); (T3) 25% fermented feed + 75% dry feed; (T4) 50% fermented feed + 50% dry feed; (T5) 75% fermented feed + 25% dry feed and (T6) 100%, fermented feed throughout the experimental period. Each treatment group was replicated three times using 20 chicks per replicate. The chicks were raised at a temperature and in humidity controlled room with a 24-h. constant light and had ad. libitum access to water and feed throughout the experimental period which lasted for six weeks. The results showed that all diets containing fermented feed, especially 100%, had dependent effects on the evaluated production characteristics. The feeds had significantly (P < 0.05) increased the relative weight and length of the small intestine. Likewise, it raised the villi height, crypt depth and the percentage of the villi height to crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased. In conclusion, the results of the current experiment indicated that fermented feed with probiotic would be beneficial economically since the broiler feed conversion ratio had been improved (2.4% in T2; 4.1% in T3; 5.3% in T4; 5.3% in T5 and 7.7% in T6) as a consequence to enhance their intestinal morphology

Metal Complexes of Macrocyclic Schiff-Base Ligand: Preparation, Characterisation, and Biological Activity

A new macrocyclic multidentate Schiff-base ligand Na4L consisting of two submacrocyclic units (10,21-bis-iminomethyl-3,6,14,17-tricyclo[17.3.1.18,12]tetracosa-1(23),2,6,8,10,12(24),13,17,19,21,-decaene-23,24-disodium) and its tetranuclear metal complexes with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) are reported. Na4L was prepared via a template approach, which is based on the condensation reaction of sodium 2,4,6-triformyl phenolate with ethylenediamine in mole ratios of 2 : 3. The tetranuclear macrocyclic-based complexes were prepared from the reaction of the corresponding metal chloride with the ligand. The mode of bonding and overall geometry of the compounds were determined through physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. These studies revealed tetrahedral geometries about Mn, Co, and Zn atoms. However, square planar geometries have been suggested for NiII and CuII complexes. Biological activity of the ligand and its metal complexes against Gram positive bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli revealed that the metal complexes become more potentially resistive to the microbial activities as compared to the free ligand. However, these metal complexes do not exhibit any effects on the activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. There is therefore no inhibition zone

Identification of a Novel Salt-Tolerant Streptomyces Isolate with Bio-Fertilizing Property

A 65 local Streptomyces isolates were tested for their salt tolerance ability. Four of them were found to grow on 6% salt concentration medium. These were selected as candidates for bio-fertilizing use. Only one of them named Streptomyces NS-38 was found to pose such trait by enhancing accelerated seed germination of different types of plants on salt and normal media. Result showed that incubation of seeds with this bacterium extract for 15 hours before implantation increased the number of germinating seeds and yield significantly

Validity of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case-Control Study from Iraq

Objective: To assess validity of serum matrix metaloprotinase 9 (s.MMP 9) in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)Patients and methods: This case control study was conducted on 50 RA patients ( 10 males and 40 females) diagnosed by a rheumatologist according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1987 revised criteria or ACR- European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) 2010 Criteria and compared with 25 healthy controls (5 male and 20 female) matched in age and sex. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were recorded. S.MMP9 was measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) KIT in both groups.Results: No significant difference between patients and controls in age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) (p&gt;0.05). Serum MMP9 was significantly higher in patients with RA than controls (188.4 ± 24.5 ng/ml vs 21.98 ± 7.87ng/ml, p&lt;0.05).The optimum cut-off value of serum MMP9 that can differentiate between patients with RA from controls was 78.522ng/ml using Receiver Operating characteristic curve (ROC) test, with P value &gt;.0001 and AUC was 1.00) with nearly 100% sensitivity and specificity. At cut-off value ≥34.038 we got the highest sensitivity 100% with specificity 96% and Accuracy 98.7%. And At cut-off value ≥125.479 we had got the highest specificity 100% with sensitivity 98% and Accuracy 98.7%.Conclusions: serum MMP9 was significantly higher in patients with RA than healthy controls. Serum MMP9 was a valid measure to differentiate between RA patients and healthy controls. This may be beneficial for early diagnosis of RA and subsequent a new promising treatment. Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinase 9. Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, Matrix metalloproteinas

Measurement of Radon Gas Concentrations and Hazard Effects in Underground Water Samples in Karbala Governorate of Iraq

One of the most characterizations of social health is the existence availability of sources irrigation water. Since the main source of water, contamination is radon gas. Six regions in Karbala province in Iraq were chosen to evaluate Radon level in underground water-samples by using (SSNTD-CR-39) Detector. The current measurements showed that highest level was in Al-Horr region to be 4.152±2.2Bq/L, where lowest concentration was in Hay-Rumdan 2.165±1.6Bq/L. The maximum Annual-Effective Dose (AED) was found in Al-Horr to be 14.34±3.5μSv/y, whereas the minimal value indicated at Hay-Rumdan 8.66±3.1μSv/y. In general, it has been found that Radon-level concentration, in the studied groundwater-samples, was less than allowed permissible value 11.1Bq/L and annual effective-doses were below the recommended international value 1mSv/y. Therefore, groundwater in all underground water studied in Karbala province is safe where the focus of radon obsession is not a public concern

Correlation between Vertebral Slippage in Spondylolisthesis with Ligamentum Flavum Thickening in Dr. Soebandi Hospital, Jember, East Java, Indonesia

Background: Spondylolisthesis is a vertebral slip condition that compromises the body’s axial alignment and structures such as ligamentum flavum. The ligamentum flavum thickening may play a role in spondylolisthesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the slippage of vertebral body (spondylolisthesis) with ligamentum flavum thickening as a tissue response regarding increased mechanical stress.Methods: An analytical retrospective radiological observational was used a cross-sectional study from the results of MRI examination in Dr. Soebandi Hospital, Jember, Indonesia, collected from 2018-2021 using the simple random sampling method. Ligamentum flavum thickness and the degree of vertebral slip were measured using T2-weighted MR imaging and the correlation was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Of 102 spondylolisthesis data records, 34 were taken, being female was the most prevalent cases in the age group above 60 years, with the most vertebral segment shift occurring at the L4–L5 level. There was a significant correlation. (p = 0.02; RR = 4.8) between ligamentum flavum thickening and vertebral slip in spondylolisthesis. Conclusion: The significant correlation between ligamentum flavum thickening and vertebral slip in spondylolisthesis suggest that mechanical stress has caused spondylolisthesis, by inducing chronic inflammation that results in hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum. Lumbar segmental instability due to spondylolisthesis is a factor contributing to the development of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy

Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout. Methods The main data sources we used were published literature, vital registration systems, end-stage kidney disease registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool, and included incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, mortality, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and gout burden attributable to impaired kidney function. Findings Globally, in 2017, 1·2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·2 to 1·3) people died from CKD. The global all-age mortality rate from CKD increased 41·5% (95% UI 35·2 to 46·5) between 1990 and 2017, although there was no significant change in the age-standardised mortality rate (2·8%, −1·5 to 6·3). In 2017, 697·5 million (95% UI 649·2 to 752·0) cases of all-stage CKD were recorded, for a global prevalence of 9·1% (8·5 to 9·8). The global all-age prevalence of CKD increased 29·3% (95% UI 26·4 to 32·6) since 1990, whereas the age-standardised prevalence remained stable (1·2%, −1·1 to 3·5). CKD resulted in 35·8 million (95% UI 33·7 to 38·0) DALYs in 2017, with diabetic nephropathy accounting for almost a third of DALYs. Most of the burden of CKD was concentrated in the three lowest quintiles of Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In several regions, particularly Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the burden of CKD was much higher than expected for the level of development, whereas the disease burden in western, eastern, and central sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, south Asia, central and eastern Europe, Australasia, and western Europe was lower than expected. 1·4 million (95% UI 1·2 to 1·6) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 25·3 million (22·2 to 28·9) cardiovascular disease DALYs were attributable to impaired kidney function. Interpretation Kidney disease has a major effect on global health, both as a direct cause of global morbidity and mortality and as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. CKD is largely preventable and treatable and deserves greater attention in global health policy decision making, particularly in locations with low and middle SDI

Prevalence of Hypertension in Deep and Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Group of Iraqi Patients

Background: Non-traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) results from rupture of blood vessels in the brain. ICH categories can also be considered as being either lobar in location or within the deep white matter. Although hypertension is a major risk factor for ICH in general[11], it is commonly considered to be associated more with patients having deep than with those having lobar haemorrhage. Objectives: We investigate the relationship between hypertension and deep versus lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: a retrospective review of records of 163 patients aged 18-89 years admitted to Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital (January 2008 - October 2010) and diagnosed with ICH. Results: There was no significant relationship between hypertension in deep versus lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (p=0.814) Conclusions: Although the relation between hypertension and ICH was not found to be significant, our study suggests and recommends age-appropriate investigations for patients with ICH, as well as the need to promote patients’ education with regards to this disease and the importance of adherence to treatment of risk factors