Disintegrating the Patriarchy System in Contemporary Poetry Books

يسعى هذا البحث إلى تحرّي مكامن التأسيس في تجربة الكتب الشعرية المعاصرة، بوصفها ذاكرة مضادة للنظام الأبوي، وهو ما يعني النظر إلى الذاكرة خارج التراتبية التي تعلي من شأن المركز وتحط من قيمة الهامش، وذلك من طريق إرساء مفاهيم مضادة تحفر في جذور ذلك النظام، إذ رسمت الثقافة في ماضي التاريخ العربي على وفق نظامها الأبوي ذي الطبيعة الصحراوية، فكراً أحادياً لا يسمح بالتعددية والاختلاف، لأن في هذا الأخير يعدُّ تهديداً لنظامها، الأمر الذي جعل مفهوم الهوية يُقدم بصورة جماعية، أي اقصاء الهوية الذاتية.  إنّ ما تبتغيه الكتب من تجاوزها لهذا النظام بناء فكر يتجه نحو المستقبل، وعدم جعله بنية ذهنية تحكم كل زمان ومكان، لأن في هذا إيقاف لمفهوم الزمن والتعامل معه على أنّه بنية متحجّرة في الماضي، هذا فضلاً عما يحمله النظام الأبوي من قيم متعالية وحتمية ما زالت تتحكم في مجمل الثقافة العربية. وسوف نتناول كتاب طرفة بن الوردة لقاسم حداد، وكتاب الحب لمحمد بنيس. وجدير بالتنويه أن ما نقصده بالكتب الشعرية هي تلك الكتب التي تخطُّ شعريتها من طريق محايثتها مع خطاب سابق لها، أما بالنقيض له أو التأسيس لاختلافاته.This research seeks to establish an anti-patriarchal memory in the experience of contemporary poetic books, which means looking at memory outside the hierarchy that raises the status of the center and degrades the value of the margin, by establishing counter concepts that dig into the roots of that system, as Arab culture is drawn according to its patriarchal system of a desert nature, a monolithic thought that does not allow pluralism and difference, because it is a threat to its system, which made the concept of identity presented collectively, that is, the exclusion of self-identity. What the books seek in terms of transcending this system is to build a thought that moves towards the future, and not to make it a mental structure that governs every time and place, because this stops the concept of time and deals with it as a fossilized structure in the past, in addition to the transcendent and inevitable values ​​that the patriarchal system carries. Control the entirety of Arab culture. Our focus will be on Tarfa ibn al-Wardah by Qassem Haddad, and on Love by Muhammad Bennis

Linguistics and Discourse Analysis in Literary Criticism (Communication and Self-openness) اللسانيات و تحليل الخطاب في النقد الادبي (التواصل وانفتاح الذات)

This study focused on the impact of linguistics on discourse analysis within the framework of literary criticism in order to anticipate what can be expected of the intellectual product under the framework of modern critical approaches, which in some of their directions study the artistic and qualitative features of literary discourse in order to reveal literature structures and their importance in establishing literary genres and the impact of these genres on the processes of cognitive or emotional communication. The research pointed to the need to pay attention to the intellectual depth in this cognitive endeavor in dealing with literary discourse, which can be traced in a panoramic and hierarchical way to explore the destiny of thought in the interactions of the self with its surroundings, within the dimension of the language. In order to achieve this cognitive objective, the research sought to uncover these hypotheses in the following issues: 1. Discourse Analysis of rhetoric and stylistics; 2. Critical Structuralism and discourse analysis; 3. Linguistic Structuralism and patterns; 4. Literary structuralism; 5. Pragmatic discourse analysis, and the spread of the concept of discourse in pragmatics; and 6. Insinuating the collective-being in the literary discourse. It was found in this research that the issue of discourse analysis is as old as the inherited Rhetorical Approach, and it continued it the rhetoric of the present day. It was renewed by the stylistic ideas which coped with the development of poetic language. The structural linguistic impact had a very distinctive presence which resulted in the so-called structural literary criticism represented by the concept of text and its limitations in dealing with the discourse whose concept expanded and developed consistently across a variety of models, according to the orientations of critics and scholars. The research touched on the idea of communication and pragmatics in dealing with the discourse, and taking care of openness towards the third component of communication process (i.e., the receiver) within the model of creative discourse and the theoretical model, pointing to the importance of the structural perspective that remained governs the movement of dealing with the speech even after this openness. Finally, the research dealt with the experience of social criticism of texts, an approach that never rejects the structural thought as much as it benefits from it to achieve its own objectives in restoring life to the text in the social context