High-efficiency DNA extraction using poly(4,4′-cyclohexylidene bisphenol oxalate)-modified microcrystalline cellulose magnetite composite

In this study, we studied the DNA extraction capability of poly(4,4-cyclohexylidene bisphenol oxalate) following the surface modification and composite formation with that of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The physical characterization techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed for the poly(bisphenol Z oxalate)-MCC-magnetite composite during different stages of its formation. The results confirmed the successful modification of the polymer surface. On testing in the presence of three types of binding buffers, a high value of 72.4% (out of 10,000 ng/μL) efficiency with a total yield of DNA at ng and absorbance ratio of A260/A280 (1.980) was observed for the 2 M GuHCl/EtOH binding buffer. These results were compared against the other two buffers of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and NaCl. The lowest value of DNA extraction efficiency at 8125 ng/μL of 58.845% with absorbance ratios of A260/A280 (1.818) for PBS was also observed. The study has concluded an enhancement in the DNA extraction efficiency when the polymer is in the composite stage along with cellulose and magnetite particles as compared against the bare polymer

DNA adsorption studies of poly (4,4′-cychlohexylidene bisphenol oxalate)/silica nanocomposites

The present study deals with the synthesis, characterization, and DNA extraction of poly(4,4′-cyclohexylidene bisphenol oxalate)/silica (Si) nanocomposites (NCs). The effects of varying the monomer/Si (3.7%, 7%, and 13%) ratio towards the size and morphology of the resulting NC and its DNA extraction capabilities have also been studied. For the NC synthesis, two different methods were followed, including the direct mixing of poly(4,4′-cyclohexylidene bisphenol oxalate) with fumed Si, and in situ polymerization of the 4,4′-cyclohexylidene bisphenol monomer in the presence of fumed silica (11 nm). The formed NCs were thoroughly investigated by using different techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis where the results supported that there was the successful formation of poly(4,4′-cyclohexylidene bisphenol oxalate)/Si NC. Within the three different NC samples, the one with 13% Si was found to maintain a very high surface area of 12.237 m2/g, as compared to the other two samples consisting of 7% Si (3.362 m2/g) and 3.7% Si (1.788 m2/g). Further, the solid phase DNA extraction studies indicated that the efficiency is strongly influenced by the amount of polymer (0.2 g > 0.1 g > 0.02 g) and the type of binding buffer. Among the three binding buffers tested, the guanidine hydrochloride/EtOH buffer produced the most satisfactory results in terms of yield (1,348,000 ng) and extraction efficiency (3370 ng/mL) as compared to the other two buffers of NaCl (2 M) and phosphate buffered silane. Based on our results, it can be indicated that the developed poly(4,4′-cyclohexylidene bisphenol oxalate)/Si NC can serve as one of the suitable candidates for the extraction of DNA in high amounts as compared to other traditional solid phase approaches

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Poly(4,4'-Cyclohexylidene Bisphenol Oxalate) for Solid-Phase Extraction of DNA

The present study has synthesized poly(4,4'-cyclohexylidene bisphenol oxalate) by the condensation of oxalyl chloride with 4,4'-cyclohexylidene bisphenol, where its efficacy was tested for the solid-phase extraction of DNA. The synthesized polymer in the form of a white powder was characterized by FTIR, TGA-DTG, SEM, and BET analysis. The study utilized solid-phase application of the resulting polymer to extract DNA. The analysis of results provided the information that the extraction efficiency is a strong dependent of polymer amount and binding buffer type. Among the three types of buffers tested, the GuHCl buffer produced the most satisfactory results in terms of yield and efficiency of extraction. Moreover, the absorbance ratio of A260/A280 in all of the samples varied from 1.682 to 1.491, thereby confirming the capability of poly(4,4'-cyclohexylidene bisphenol oxalate) to elute pure DNA. The results demonstrated an increased DNA binding capacity with respect to increased percentage of the polymer. The study has concluded that poly(bisphenol Z oxalate) can be applied as one of the potential candidates for the high efficiency extraction of DNA by means of a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approach compared to the other traditional solid-phase methods

Two Eco-Friendly Chromatographic Methods Evaluated by GAPI for Simultaneous Determination of the Fluoroquinolones Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Gemifloxacin in Their Pharmaceutical Products

In this paper, novel green HPLC and HPTLC chromatographic methods were developed for the concurrent determination of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin in bulk and pharmaceutical products. The green HPLC method was used on Thermo C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm). By mixing ethanol and 20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (pH 5) in a ratio of 25:75, v/v, the mobile phase was created using isocratic elution. The flow rate was 1 mLmin−1. The studied antibiotics were separated well within 9.5 min. The green HPTLC method was used on coated HPTLC aluminum sheets with Silica gel 60 F254 using a mobile phase mixture of water: acetone: ammonia (8:1:1, v/v/v). Compact and well-resolved peaks were obtained under chamber-saturation circumstances for the standard fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Both methods were optimized individually, validated by ICH, and assessed using the Green analytical procedure index (GAPI). The methods were applied to pharmaceutical products and compared with the published methods for the determination of each of these antibiotics individually, using Student’s t-test. They can be used by quality-control laboratories in pharmaceutical factories as sensitive eco-friendly methods for the analysis of these drugs and for the detection of cross-contamination during manufacturing processes