Biosynthesis of AgNPs by extract from waste leaves of Citrullus lanatus sp. (watermelon); characterization, antibacterial and antifungal effects

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are valuable materials with a large number of sectors used. Green synthesis is very important for biomedical applications as they show biocompatible properties. In this study, AgNPs were easily synthesized using the environmentally friendly green synthesis approach using agricultural waste parts of Citrullus lanatus sp. plant grown in Diyarbakır region. Characterization of synthesized AgNPs was made. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was used to evaluate the phytochemicals responsible for effective reduction in the formation of AgNPs. UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis.) Spectra were also used to determine the presence of AgNPs. X-Ray Diffraction Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope, Zeta potential analyzes were performed to define the crystal structures, dimensions and surface charges of AgNPs, respectively. In these data, it was determined that AgNPs showed maximum absorbance at 460 nm, spherical appearance, 21.27 crystal nano size and -30.05 mV zeta potential. Antimicrobial effects of AgNPs on gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) bacteria, gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria, as well as on fungus C. albicans pathogenic microorganisms It was analyzed by specifying the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) by microdilution

Induction of apoptosis in human hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell lines by using resveratrol in combination with AT-101

The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate doses of AT-101 and resveratrol combination in the in vitro hormone-refractory prostate cancer (PC) cell lines, in order to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of this combination on the proliferation of cancer cells, namely PC-3, DU-145 and LNCAP. Cytotoxicity in PC cell lines was analysed by using the XTT Cell Proliferation Assay. DNA damage was performed with the cell death assay. Apoptotic protein levels were performed by Roche Human Apoptosis Array. IC50 values were determined by XTT analysis. The strongest combined doses (100 µM resveratrol + 5µM AT-101) were found to have the strongest synergistic apoptotic and cytotoxic effects on DU-145 cells at 72 hr. While the combined use of resveratrol and AT-101 increased the expression of markers in apoptotic cell pathways on cells, a decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic markers was detected (p ˂ 0.05). Combined applications of these compounds showed an important synergism in the hormone-refractory PC cell lines, and it was determined that after the post-translational modification, they were significantly effective on the apoptotic pathway. These results have revealed that the combination of resveratrol and AT-101 holds great expectation as a new chemotherapeutic application in the treatment of human prostate cancer

Fast and Low-Cost Biosynthesis of AgNPs with Almond Leaves: Medical Applications with Biocompatible Structures

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained in a low cost, easy and simple way by using the leaf extract of Prunus dulcis L. (almond tree) growing in the Mardin region. Characterization of AgNPs obtained by biosynthesis: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis.), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM), Zeta potential and Zeta size analysis was done through data. It was determined that AgNPs have maximum absorbance at 443 nm wavelength, they exhibit 14.67 crystal nano size, -19.9 mV zeta potential in spherical appearance. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of the obtained AgNPs was determined by using microdilution method on the growth of pathogen strains

Green synthesis and antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles by pumpkin cucurbita maxima fruit fiber

In the present study, for the first time, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out with the extract obtained from the fibrous structure in the pumpkin Cucurbita maxima (CM) fruit. The presence of silver nanoparticles formed by the reduction of Ag+ ions was determined with the maximum absorbance values of 442.89 nm in wavelength scans made by UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis. The functional groups of the phytochemicals involved in the reduction were examined by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. For the morphology of the synthesized AgNPs, they were found to be uniform in spherical appearance using atomic power microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images. The surface charges of AgNPs were determined to be -16.4 mV by Zeta potential analysis. Their crystal structures and nano-sizes were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) data to be in cubic pattern, and their size was 21.20 nm using the Debye-Scherrer equation. AgNPs (CM-AgNPs) synthesized via CM provided growth suppression at concentrations of 1.00-0.12, 2.00-1.00, and 0.50 µg/mL on pathogen gram-positive, gram-negative strains and the fungus Candida albicans, respectively. These concentrations were effective against antibiotics and silver solution at a very low concentration

In-vitro Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities and Anti-Genotoxic Effects of Hypericum retusum Aucher Flowers, Fruits and Seeds Methanol Extracts in Human Mononuclear Leukocytes

WOS: 000396490200019PubMed ID: 28496476The present study investigates the antioxidant, anticancer, anticholinesterase, anti-genotoxic activities and phenolic contents of flower, fruit and seed methanol extracts of Hypericum retusum AUCHER. The amounts of protocatechuic acid, catechin, caffeic acid and syringic acid in methanol extracts were determined by HPLC. Total phenolic content of H. retusum seed extract was found more than fruit and flower extracts. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of flower and seed methanol extracts showed close activity versus BHT as control. Among three extracts of H. retusum only flower methanol extract was exhibited considerable cytotoxic activities against to HeLa and NRK-52E cell lines. Moreover, seed methanol extract showed both acetyl and butyrl-cholinesterase inhibitory activity. The highest anti-genotoxic effects were seen 25 and 50 mu g/mL concentrations. In this study, the extracts showed a strong antioxidant and anti-genotoxic effect. The seed extract was more efficient-than extracts of fruit and flowers. Our results suggest that the antioxidant and anti-genotoxic effects of extracts depend on their phenolic contents. Further studies should evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo the benefits of H. retusum seed methanol extracts.Mardin Artuklu University [MAU-BAP-12-SYO-04]The present study was supported by Mardin Artuklu University. Grant number: MAU-BAP-12-SYO-04. The authors also are grateful for Dr. Ersin Kilinc for kind advice and help throughout this work

Removal of Heavy Metals in Water by Biosorption Method Using Three Different Bacillus sp-derived Biosorbents

Water is an important part of the ecosystem for life. With industrialization, pollution in water resources has reached a worrying level. Water pollution due to heavy metals and their increasing concentrations have caused researchers to increase their interest in the subject due to the damage they cause to water ecosystems. It requires serious cost and time to eliminate the pollution caused by heavy metals in water. In recent, years, the use of biosorption method using bacteria to remove heavy metals in water has become widespread. The main reason why this method is preferred is that gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer on the cell wall and increases the adsorption capacity. In this study. in drinking, waste, river water and artificially prepared samples, batch method of heavy metal biosorption and biosorption competition in multiple prepared heavy metal solutions were investigated. For these processes. Bacillus licheniformth sp. Bacillus subtilis sp. and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051) strains were used as a biosorbent. Biosorbtion of Cd (II), Cu (H), Pb (II), Fe(II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) metals from waters with these biosorbents at different pHs at. 25 degrees C with 0.25 mg LI It was investigated. Surface morphological structures of biosorbents were evaluated using SEM images and element compositions were evaluated using EDAX profile. Element content was determined using ICP-OES. It was found that heavy metal ions were removed up to 98% with maximum biosorption at pH 6.0

Increased DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress Among Silver Jewelry Workers

WOS: 000351439700004PubMed ID: 25575665Silver has long been valued as a precious metal, and it is used to make ornaments, jewelry, high-value tableware, utensils, and currency coins. Human exposures to silver and silver compounds can occur oral, dermal, or by inhalation. In this study, we investigated genotoxic and oxidative effects of silver exposure among silver jewelry workers. DNA damage in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes was measured by using the comet assay. Serum total antioxidative status (TAS), total oxidative status (TOS), total thiol contents, and ceruloplasmin levels were measured by using colorimetric methods among silver jewelry workers. Moreover, oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Results were compared with non-exposed healthy subjects. The mean values of mononuclear leukocyte DNA damage were significantly higher than control subjects (p < 0.001). Serum TOS, OSI, and ceruloplasmin levels were also found to be higher in silver particles exposed group than those of non-exposed group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). However, serum TAS levels and total thiol contents of silver exposed group were found significantly lower (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively). Exposure to silver particles among silver jewelry workers caused oxidative stress and accumulation of severe DNA damage

The protective effects of different parts of hypericum perforatum extracts on human mononuclear leukocytes in hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and their phenolic contents

Oxidative stress is the state of the formation of some pathophysiological condition with the excessive increase of the normal amount of free radicals in the organism. In this study, the in vivo genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of methanol and water extract and phenolic content of Hypericum perforatum flower, fruit, and seed methanol extracts were analyzed. HPLC was used to evaluate the quantities of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, O-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and catechin in the methanol extracts. The alkaline comet test was used to assess the DNA damage and protective effects of H. perforatum flower fruit, seed methanol, and water extract on human mononuclear leukocytes. The amounts of catechin and caffeic acid in seed methanol extract were found as quite high when compared to other extracts. The highest protective effects were seen at 10 and 50μg/ml concentrations of seed methanol extract. The optimum doses of fruit, flower, and seed extracts obtained from H. perforatum neutralized the genotoxic effect. This effect is stronger in seed methanol extract than other extracts. We suggest that more research is needed to evaluate the effects of H. perforatum phytochemicals in vitro and in vivo

Biochemical components, enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in endemic plant Scilla mesopotamica speta

In this study, in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and phenolic profile of different solvent extracts of Scilla mesopotamica speta were determined in detail. In vitro antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of plant extracts obtained with different solvents were tested in terms of 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities. The highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined in the ethyl acetate extract (62.24 mu g GAE/mg) and chloroform extract (87.72 mu g QE/mg) respectively. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was detected in ethyl acetate extracts. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities were investigated by MIC method. The inhibitory activities of the extracts on the acetyl cholinesterase enzyme were investigated. Liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS was used to determine the phenolic component content of extracts. Thirty-one different components were identified in the analyses and their amounts were measured. Practical applications Scilla mesopotamica speta is an endemic and medicinal plant. It was determined that the extracts of this plant had a very rich content in terms of phenolic compounds, especially caffeic and ferulic acids. However, this plant was remarkable for its antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities. Considering the strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibition activities of the Scilla mesopotamica speta it can be suggested as a source of anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiviral drugs

Economic fast synthesis of olive leaf extract and silver nanoparticles and biomedical applications

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized economically and simply using an environmentally friendly method with the extract obtained from agricultural waste olive leaves. AgNPs synthesized according to the analysis data were determined to have maximum absorbance at 433.5 nm wavelength, spherical appearance, 7.2 nm crystal nano size and -19.9 mV zeta potential. It was determined by the microdilution method with Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) that AgNPs exert a suppressive effect on the growth of pathogen gram-negative, positive bacteria and yeast at very low concentrations. The cytotoxic effects of the particles were investigated on healthy cell lines (HDF) and cancerous cell lines (U118, CaCo-2, Skov-3). AgNPs showed up to 70% suppression in cancer cell lines